Black net shade treatment attenuates flavonoid biosynthesis in tea plants, while the effect of light quality is still unclear. We investigated the flavonoid and transcriptome profiles of tea leaves under different light conditions, using black nets with different shade percentages, blue, yellow and red nets to alter the light intensity and light spectral composition in the fields. Flavonol glycosides are more sensitive to light intensity than catechins, with a reduction percentage of total flavonol glycosides up to 79.6% compared with 38.7% of total catechins under shade treatment. A total of 29,292 unigenes were identified, and the KEGG result indicated that flavonoid biosynthesis was regulated by both light intensity and light spectral composition while phytohormone signal transduction was modulated under blue net shade treatment. PAL, CHS, and F3H were transcriptionally downregulated with light intensity. Co-expression analysis showed the expressions of key transcription factors MYB12, MYB86, C1, MYB4, KTN80.4, and light signal perception and signaling genes (UVR8, HY5) had correlations with the contents of certain flavonoids (p < 0.05). The level of abscisic acid in tea leaves was elevated under shade treatment, with a negative correlation with TFG content (p < 0.05). This work provides a potential route of changing light intensity and spectral composition in the field to alter the compositions of flavor substances in tea leaves and regulate plant growth, which is instructive to the production of summer/autumn tea and matcha.

The AGO, DCL and RDR gene families work together in the plant gene silencing process, playing crucial roles in regulating gene expression, responding to stress, and gene silencing, thus forming an essential part of the plant's defense system. In this study, we systematically identified and characterized these genes in the closely related mangrove species Kandelia obovata and Kandelia candel. We found a total of 8/6 AGO, 4/3 DCL and 5/4 RDR genes in these species, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into 3, 4, and 4 subfamilies correspondingly. Comparing with the sister species K. candel helped clarify key genes involved in cold tolerance. Each gene exhibited different expression levels across various tissues and stress conditions, with certain genes showing notably high expression. Furthermore, analyses of promoters, protein interaction networks, and three-dimensional structures provided deeper insights into the possible reasons behind the greater cold tolerance of K. obovata compared to K. candel. These comprehensive results offer a theoretical basis for further experimental validation of the specific roles of these genes in K. obovata's stress resistance and for investigating gene-environment interactions.

Peach tree is one of the most important fruit trees in the world, and it has been cultivated for more than 7,500 years. In recent years, the genome and population resequencing of peach trees have been published continuously, which has effectively promoted the research of peach tree genetics and breeding. In order to promote the further mining and utilization of these data, we integrated and constructed a comprehensive peach genome and variation database (PPGV, http://peachtree.work/home). The PPGV contains 10 sets of published peach tree genome data, as well as genomic variation information for 1,378 peach tree samples (the resequencing data of 1,378 samples were aligned with the high-quality genomes of Lovell, CN14 and Chinesecling, respectively, for mutation detection). A variety of useful and flexible tools, such as BLAST, Gene ID Convert, KEGG/GO Enrichment, Primer Design and Gene function, were also specially designed for searching data and assisting in breeding.