Background: Mpox is a zoonotic disease that has become a significant public health concern, especially in regions beyond its usual endemic areas in Africa. The rising global incidence and its classification as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization highlight the importance of healthcare professionals (HCPs) being knowledgeable and well‐prepared to effectively manage the virus. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and factors associated with HCPs regarding Mpox infections at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: Between June 13th and September 3rd, 2024, a cross‐sectional study was conducted, among 384 HCPs selected through convenience sampling. A pretested, and well‐structured, questionnaire was used to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes of HCPs. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. A p ‐value of ≤ 0.05 was considered a statistically significant association. Results: Out of the 384 participants, the majority were male (55.47%) and aged 31–39 years (33.85%). Nurses made up the largest professional group at 31.25%. Only 28.13% and 37.76% of HCPs demonstrated good knowledge and favorable attitudes toward the Mpox, respectively. Interestingly, HCPs with prior information sources about Mpox were likely to possess good knowledge (AOR = 1.45, p = 0.002). Conclusions: The findings emphasize important gaps in the knowledge and attitude of HCPs. It is imperative to implement targeted educational initiatives such as information dissemination, training, and continuous professional development to improve the capacity of HCPs to effectively respond to Mpox and other emerging infectious diseases.

Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a highly contagious virus, is a circular partial double-stranded DNA virus. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus with a major blood-borne infection worldwide. Infection of HBV and HCV among blood donors is an important public health problem. Objective. To assess the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses and associated factors among blood donors at Bahir Dar Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia. Method. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Bahir Dar Blood Bank from May 18, 2020 to July 27, 2020. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 426 participants. Variables having a value of <0.05 with 95% CI and AOR were considered statistically significant. Results. From 426 proposed participants, 418 (98.1%) of them completed the face-to-face interview. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV among study participants was 4.07% and 0.48%, respectively. Having multiple sexual partners (AOR = 10.356: 95% CI: (2.277–47.099)), having a family history of hepatitis (AOR = 8.106: 95% CI: (1.278–51.403)), and having sharp materials sharing experience (AOR = 11.313, 95% CI: (1.144–111.864)) have a significant association with HBV infection. No risk factors were found for HCV infectious markers. Conclusion and Recommendations. This study showed that the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections confirmed with positive tests among voluntary blood donors in Bahir Dar Blood Bank was 4.07% and 0.48%, respectively. HBV seroprevalence among blood donors in this study has remained stable when compared to a study done in 2013 in the same population. Strict donor selection, safe sex practice, using proper safety precautions when offering care to a family member, and immunization of people at risk could constitute an important package of a prevention program.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae and is the smallest human DNA virus, with a genome that is only 3200 nucleotides long. The absence of proofreading function in HBV reverse transcriptase provides a wide range of genetic variants for targeted outgrowth at different stages of infection. A number of sub genotypes and ten HBV genotypes (A through J) have been identified through analyses of the divergence of HBV genomic sequences. Numerous clinical outcomes, including the emergence of chronicity, the course of the disease, the effectiveness of treatment, and the response to vaccination, have been related to differences in genotype between HBV isolates. There are just seven studies that have been done in Ethiopia that examine the molecular epidemiology of HBV. Moreover, these studies haven't been compiled and reviewed yet. In this review, we looked at the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of HBV, the relationship between HBV genotypes and clinical outcomes, the immunopathogenesis of HBV, and finally the molecular epidemiology of HBV in Ethiopia. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar search engines were used to find relevant articles for the review. By using HBV genotyping, clinicians can better tailor vaccination decisions and antiviral therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B who are more likely to experience the disease's progression.

Background. Infections with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the hepatitis C virus (HCV) are worldwide problems that particularly place a heavy burden on developing nations. HBV and HCV infections during pregnancy have a high rate of vertical transmission and harmful consequences for both the mother and the child. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the seroprevalence and associated factors of HBV and HCV infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15^th to September 16^th, 2022, at the Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital antenatal care clinic. Five milliliters of venous blood were collected from 422 pregnant women selected using a simple random sampling method. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors were collected using a prestructured questionnaire. A chi-square test, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the association between dependent and independent variables. values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections was found to be 13% and 0.5%, respectively. Undertaking blood transfusion (AOR = 14.2, CI = 5.81–34.526, ), tattooing (AOR = 3.99, CI = 1.1–14.36, ), and dental therapy (AOR = 4.9, CI = 1.41–17.025, ) were significantly associated with HBV infection. Conclusion. HBV infection in pregnant women was shown to have a high endemicity (13%) in this investigation, whereas the seroprevalence of HCV infection was low (0.5%). HBV infection was significantly associated with a history of blood transfusions, tattooing, and dental therapy. Screening pregnant women for HBV and HCV infections and providing effective therapy would ensure better outcomes for the newborn. In addition, health education must be used to increase knowledge of screening and modes of transmission.

Background and Aims: A growing number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients suffer from opportunistic intestinal coccidian infections. Instead of human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) infection itself, opportunistic infections like intestinal coccidian parasites cause death of over 80% AIDS patients. Factors like exposed drinking water sources and poverty aid the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal coccidian parasites and associated factors in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: A health facility based cross sectional study was conducted from 140 HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia from September to December 2023. The sociodemographic characteristics were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Stool samples were processed with Modified Acid Fast staining technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 was used to analyze the data. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with dependent variable and p < 0.05 was considered significantly associated.Results: The total prevalence of opportunistic intestinal coccidian parasites (OICPs) in HIV/AIDS patients was 16.4% (23/140). Drinking surface water [p = 0.015, COR = 3.4] compared to tape water, drinking alcohol [p = 0.001, COR = 18] compared to not drinking alcohol, diarrhea [p = 0.005, COR = 1] compared to non‐diarrheic, drug dropout [p = 0.01, COR = 11] compared to regular drug intake and low CD4 count [p = 0.042, COR = 9] compared to CD4 > 500/µL showed significant association with increased prevalence of OICPs in HIV/AIDS patients.Conclusions: OICPs are still the common causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV/AIDS patients. Surface water consumption, alcoholism, interruption of treatment drugs, diarrhea, and reduced CD4⁺ T‐cells significantly contribute to acquisition and prevalence of OICPs in HIV/AIDS patients. Routine screening of OICPs with sensitive diagnostic techniques in HIV/AIDS patients regardless of symptoms is crucial and has to be practiced in health settings.

Background: Bacterial infections constitute a large portion of infectious disorders. The location of culture-positive specimens and profiles of antibiotic resistance for common pathogens have been the focal points of subsequent investigations. Methodology: The diagnosis of microbiology was carried out using traditional culture techniques. In accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was employed for antimicrobial susceptibility analysis. The data were extracted from WHONET 2022 software version 22.5.5 and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: In total, 2489 pathogens were isolated from 2073 patients in three consecutive years. About 768 (34.9%) of the isolates were from the neonatal intensive care unit and the pediatric wards, and 63.2% isolates were from blood specimens. The ESKAPE pathogens were predominant (67%). About 100 Enterobacteriaceae family member bacteria were resistant to carbapenem drugs, and 320 isolates of this family were expected to be beta lactamase producers. A total of 120 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were also identified. Conclusions: Among the isolates, ESKAPE pathogens accounted for the greatest proportion. Most isolates were from the neonatal intensive care unit. A significant number of multidrug-resistant, extreme drug-resistant, and pandrug-resistant isolates were identified in the present study.