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Yonggang Ge
Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China

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Short Biography

Yong-gang Ge is currently serving as a Professor at the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Chengdu, China. He got his Ph.D. in 2009 in Physical Geography from Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources and a Master in 2005. He served as an Associate Researcher 2012–2017 and as an Assistant Researcher 2009–2012 in Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment/Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research interests include debris flow and mountain disaster formation, ancient disaster recovery and reconstruction, debris flow erosion and sediment yield research, and development of debris flow disaster prevention, mitigation, and disaster relief technology research. He has published more than 70 academic papers, won 7 invention patents, and the 2016 Top Ten Scientific and Technological Innovation Achievement Awards of the Geological Society of China.

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Journal article
Published: 28 August 2021 in Sustainability
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The dynamic nature and unsustainable exploitation of groundwater aquifers pose a range of management challenges. The accurate basin-wide hydrological assessment is very critical for the quantification of abstraction rates, spatial patterns of groundwater usage, recharge and discharge processes, and identification of critical areas having groundwater mining. This study provides the appraisal of remote sensing technology in comparison with traditionally prevailing tools and methodologies and introduces the practical use of remote sensing technology to bridge the data gaps. It demonstrates the example of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite inferred Total Water Storage (TWS) information to quantify the behavior of the Upper Indus Plain Aquifer. The spatio-temporal changes in aquifer usage are investigated particularly for irrigation and anthropogenic purposes in general. The GRACE satellite is effective in capturing the water balance components. The basin-wide monthly scale groundwater storage monitoring is a big opportunity for groundwater managers and policymakers. The remote sensing integrated algorithms are useful tools to provide timely and valuable information on aquifer behavior. Such tools are potentially helpful to support the implementation of groundwater management strategies, especially in the developing world where data scarcity is a major challenge. Groundwater resources have not grown to meet the growing demands of the population, consequently, overexploitation of groundwater resources has occurred in these decades, leading to groundwater decline. However, future developments in the field of space technology are envisioned to overcome the currently faced spatio-temporal challenges.

ACS Style

Gulraiz Akhter; Yonggang Ge; Naveed Iqbal; Yanjun Shang; Muhammad Hasan. Appraisal of Remote Sensing Technology for Groundwater Re-source Management Perspective in Indus Basin. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9686 .

AMA Style

Gulraiz Akhter, Yonggang Ge, Naveed Iqbal, Yanjun Shang, Muhammad Hasan. Appraisal of Remote Sensing Technology for Groundwater Re-source Management Perspective in Indus Basin. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9686.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gulraiz Akhter; Yonggang Ge; Naveed Iqbal; Yanjun Shang; Muhammad Hasan. 2021. "Appraisal of Remote Sensing Technology for Groundwater Re-source Management Perspective in Indus Basin." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9686.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2020 in CATENA
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Rhythmic nature of tufa deposits and analysis of hydrochemical proxies offer the potential to reconstruct the history of regional palaeo-hydrological and palaeo-climatic change. This paper investigates the tufa deposits of Sparkling Lake in the Jiuzhaigou gully of the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP). Detailed analysis of mineral composition, major elements and stable isotope (δ13C, δ18O) distinguished seven “dirty tufa layers” that are characterized by quartz-rich sediments, high kaolinite and high K, Na and Al. Compared with clean tufa deposits, dirty components in the tufa deposits were a result of surface soil erosion activity during strong monsoon rainfall periods within the catchment. The chronology of tufa deposits is established by using radiocarbon (14C) dating of organic material from the dirty tufa layers. Seven flood-rich periods and eight flood-poor periods during the early and mid-Holocene were recorded by the dirty tufa layers interbedded with clean tufa layers in the Jiuzhaigou gully. The tufa records are more sensitive response to regional hydroclimate change, in comparison with the peat, lake sediments and stalagmite records. The low values of δ18O and δ13C in the dirty tufa layers indicate the flood-rich periods (10310–8390, 7120, 6910, 6340, 5900, 5620, 5020 a BP) were mainly triggered by strong monsoon rainfall events during early and mid-Holocene. Considering the chronological uncertainties and sampling resolution, some other abrupt climate events (i.e, 8200 a BP and 5500 a BP) may be also recorded in the tufa deposits. These results greatly improve our understanding of hydroclimate change in the ETP during the early and mid-Holocene.

ACS Style

Yongqiang Guo; Yonggang Ge; Peng Cui; Xiaoqing Chen; Peini Mao; Tao Liu; Liang Zhou. Early and mid-Holocene hydroclimate change recorded in tufa deposits in the Jiuzhaigou gully, eastern Tibetan Plateau. CATENA 2020, 196, 104834 .

AMA Style

Yongqiang Guo, Yonggang Ge, Peng Cui, Xiaoqing Chen, Peini Mao, Tao Liu, Liang Zhou. Early and mid-Holocene hydroclimate change recorded in tufa deposits in the Jiuzhaigou gully, eastern Tibetan Plateau. CATENA. 2020; 196 ():104834.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongqiang Guo; Yonggang Ge; Peng Cui; Xiaoqing Chen; Peini Mao; Tao Liu; Liang Zhou. 2020. "Early and mid-Holocene hydroclimate change recorded in tufa deposits in the Jiuzhaigou gully, eastern Tibetan Plateau." CATENA 196, no. : 104834.

Article
Published: 08 March 2019 in Journal of Mountain Science
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Peak discharge of flood in small mountainous watershed is usually calculated using the “Rainstorm–runoff calculation method in small watersheds in Sichuan Province” (RRM). This study evaluated the RRM calculation using real-time monitored rainfall and hydrologic data from a small watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area of Sichuan Province, China. The results indicated that the discharge values given by the RRM are commonly overestimating the measured discharge. The overestimation rate was discussed and empirical equations were proposed for improving RRM estimations, based on the relationship between calculated and measured discharge values at different watershed scales (2, 30, and 40 km2), under different rainfall probabilities (0.97–0.5, 0.5–0.2, and 0.2–0.002), and for different rainfall durations (0–6, 6–24, and >24 h). The results of this study help contribute to the understanding of water floods formation and help provide more accurate estimations of peak flow discharge in small watersheds in the Wenchuan Earthquake area.

ACS Style

Xiao-Jun Guo; Peng Cui; Yong Li; Jin-Feng Liu; Yong-Gang Ge; Ci-De Wang. Evaluation of a traditional method for peak flow discharge estimation for floods in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Province, China. Journal of Mountain Science 2019, 16, 641 -656.

AMA Style

Xiao-Jun Guo, Peng Cui, Yong Li, Jin-Feng Liu, Yong-Gang Ge, Ci-De Wang. Evaluation of a traditional method for peak flow discharge estimation for floods in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Province, China. Journal of Mountain Science. 2019; 16 (3):641-656.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao-Jun Guo; Peng Cui; Yong Li; Jin-Feng Liu; Yong-Gang Ge; Ci-De Wang. 2019. "Evaluation of a traditional method for peak flow discharge estimation for floods in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Province, China." Journal of Mountain Science 16, no. 3: 641-656.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2018 in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
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River terrace sediments are archives of past fluvial processes and they may also reflect a wide range of additional environmental processes. Detailed studies of river terrace sediments are important for understanding the role of tectonics, climate and extreme geomorphological events in fluvial evolution. Here, we present a sedimentary reconstruction using the combination of field description, magnetic measurements and optically stimulated luminescence and AMS 14C dating of the Maoxian (MX) section in the third terrace of the Min river, in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The section is mainly composed of clastic deposits and spans the interval from the last glacial to late Holocene. Apart from the silt at the bottom and the gravel layer in the middle, it is difficult to determine whether other clastic deposits were exposed sub-aerially. Multiple magnetic proxies indicate that the MX section contains three layers of pedogenic production of fine-grained magnetite/maghemite, which correspond to paleosol layers. The paleosol layers indicate the occurrence of at least three intervals of exposure to the atmosphere. The three paleosol layers were likely caused by dam-outburst events. The results demonstrate that rock magnetic methods are a useful approach for identifying paleosol layers in fluvial sediments.

ACS Style

Weiming Liu; Peng Cui; Yonggang Ge; Zhiyu Yi. Paleosols identified by rock magnetic properties indicate dam-outburst events of the Min River, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2018, 508, 139 -147.

AMA Style

Weiming Liu, Peng Cui, Yonggang Ge, Zhiyu Yi. Paleosols identified by rock magnetic properties indicate dam-outburst events of the Min River, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2018; 508 ():139-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Weiming Liu; Peng Cui; Yonggang Ge; Zhiyu Yi. 2018. "Paleosols identified by rock magnetic properties indicate dam-outburst events of the Min River, eastern Tibetan Plateau." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 508, no. : 139-147.

Journal article
Published: 14 June 2018 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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The carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) concentrations of leaves can reflect soil nutrient supply conditions and changes in soil. An understanding of species adaptability and nutrient use efficiency in extreme ecosystems can help land managers choose effective methods to improve management and community structure of introduced plants which may induce biological invasion and limit the regeneration of native species. We selected the Leucaena leucocephala forests in three ages (9, 15, and 26 years old) in the Jiangjiagou Gully to study the relationships between (i) soil factors and forest age and (ii) leaf nutrient concentrations. Soil factors and leaf nutrients were measured in nine sampling quadrats of 10 × 10 m of each plot. We used ANOVA to examine differences in leaf variables and soil factors at different ages of L. leucocephala forest. Pearson’s correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were conducted to identify the relationships between soil factors and leaf variables. Then, we used analysis of covariance to examine combined effects of forest ages and soil factors on leaf variables. Leaf N was significantly correlated with available P, while leaf P was significantly correlated with both available P and available N. Leaf N and P had no significant relationship with soil total N and P. Leaf C:N:P stoichiometries had a higher significant correlation with total N, available N, and soil water content. Our findings illustrate that available N and available P are the main limitations for L. leucocephala, though available P imposed a stronger limitation than available N. Moreover, soil water content played an indispensable role on nutrient accumulation and the soil ecological environment. Our results provide useful information to improve L. leucocephala community structure and reduce soil degradation in a dry-hot valley.

ACS Style

Yongming Lin; Aimin Chen; Siwei Yan; Loretta Rafay; Kun Du; Daojie Wang; Yonggang Ge; Jian Li. Available soil nutrients and water content affect leaf nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry at different ages of Leucaena leucocephala forests in dry-hot valley. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2018, 19, 511 -521.

AMA Style

Yongming Lin, Aimin Chen, Siwei Yan, Loretta Rafay, Kun Du, Daojie Wang, Yonggang Ge, Jian Li. Available soil nutrients and water content affect leaf nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry at different ages of Leucaena leucocephala forests in dry-hot valley. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2018; 19 (2):511-521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongming Lin; Aimin Chen; Siwei Yan; Loretta Rafay; Kun Du; Daojie Wang; Yonggang Ge; Jian Li. 2018. "Available soil nutrients and water content affect leaf nutrient concentrations and stoichiometry at different ages of Leucaena leucocephala forests in dry-hot valley." Journal of Soils and Sediments 19, no. 2: 511-521.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2017 in Journal of Mountain Science
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ACS Style

Jian-Rong Fan; Xi-Yu Zhang; Feng-Huan Su; Yong-Gang Ge; Paolo Tarolli; Zheng-Yin Yang; Chao Zeng; Zhen Zeng. Erratum to: Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data. Journal of Mountain Science 2017, 14, 2136 -2136.

AMA Style

Jian-Rong Fan, Xi-Yu Zhang, Feng-Huan Su, Yong-Gang Ge, Paolo Tarolli, Zheng-Yin Yang, Chao Zeng, Zhen Zeng. Erratum to: Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data. Journal of Mountain Science. 2017; 14 (10):2136-2136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian-Rong Fan; Xi-Yu Zhang; Feng-Huan Su; Yong-Gang Ge; Paolo Tarolli; Zheng-Yin Yang; Chao Zeng; Zhen Zeng. 2017. "Erratum to: Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data." Journal of Mountain Science 14, no. 10: 2136-2136.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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The MS 8.0Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 caused huge damage to land cover in the northwest of China's Sichuan province. In order to determine the nutrient loss and short term characteristics of change in soil chemical properties, we established an experiment with three treatments ('undestroyed', 'destroyed and treated', and 'destroyed and untreated'), two climate types (semi-arid hot climate and subtropical monsoon climate), and three slope positions (upslope, mid-slope, and bottom-slope) in 2011. Ten soil properties-including pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, Ca, Mg, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium-were measured in surface soil samples in December 2014. Analyses were performed to compare the characteristics of 3-year change in soil chemical properties in two climate zones. This study revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, Ca content, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly higher in subtropical monsoon climate zones than in semi-arid hot climate zones. However, subtropical monsoon climate zones had a higher decrease in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen in 'destroyed and untreated' sites than in semi-arid hot climate zones. Most soil chemical properties exhibited significant interactions, indicating that they may degrade or develop concomitantly. 'Destroyed and treated' sites in both climate types had lower C:P and N:P ratios than 'destroyed and untreated' sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first, second, and third principal components explained 76.53% of the variation and might be interpreted as structural integrity, nutrient supply availability, and efficiency of soil; the difference of soil parent material; as well as weathering and leaching effects. Our study indicated that the characteristics of short term change in soil properties were affected by climate types and treatments, but not slope positions. Our results provide useful information for the selection of restoration countermeasures in different climate types to facilitate ecological restoration and reconstruction strategies in earthquake-affected areas.

ACS Style

Yongming Lin; Haojun Deng; Kun Du; Loretta Rafay; Guang-Shuai Zhang; Jian Li; Can Chen; Chengzhen Wu; Han Lin; Wei Yu; Hailan Fan; Yonggang Ge. Combined effects of climate, restoration measures and slope position in change in soil chemical properties and nutrient loss across lands affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 596-597, 274 -283.

AMA Style

Yongming Lin, Haojun Deng, Kun Du, Loretta Rafay, Guang-Shuai Zhang, Jian Li, Can Chen, Chengzhen Wu, Han Lin, Wei Yu, Hailan Fan, Yonggang Ge. Combined effects of climate, restoration measures and slope position in change in soil chemical properties and nutrient loss across lands affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 596-597 ():274-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongming Lin; Haojun Deng; Kun Du; Loretta Rafay; Guang-Shuai Zhang; Jian Li; Can Chen; Chengzhen Wu; Han Lin; Wei Yu; Hailan Fan; Yonggang Ge. 2017. "Combined effects of climate, restoration measures and slope position in change in soil chemical properties and nutrient loss across lands affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China." Science of The Total Environment 596-597, no. : 274-283.

Article
Published: 07 September 2017 in Journal of Mountain Science
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At 5:39 am on June 24, 2017, a landslide occurred in the village of Xinmo in Maoxian County, Aba Tibet and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (Sichuan Province, Southwest China). On June 25, aerial images were acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and a digital elevation model (DEM) was processed. Landslide geometrical features were then analyzed. These are the front and rear edge elevation, accumulation area and horizontal sliding distance. Then, the volume and the spatial distribution of the thickness of the deposit were calculated from the difference between the DEM available before the landslide, and the UAV-derived DEM collected after the landslide. Also, the disaster was assessed using high-resolution satellite images acquired before the landslide. These include QuickBird, Pleiades-1 and GF-2 images with spatial resolutions of 0.65 m, 0.70 m, and 0.80 m, respectively, and the aerial images acquired from the UAV after the landslide with a spatial resolution of 0.1 m. According to the analysis, the area of the landslide was 1.62 km2, and the volume of the landslide was 7.70 ± 1.46 million m3. The average thickness of the landslide accumulation was approximately 8 m. The landslide destroyed a total of 103 buildings. The area of destroyed farmlands was 2.53 ha, and the orchard area was reduced by 28.67 ha. A 2-km section of Songpinggou River was blocked and a 2.1-km section of township road No. 104 was buried. Constrained by the terrain conditions, densely populated and more economically developed areas in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River basin are mainly located in the bottom of the valleys. This is a dangerous area regarding landslide, debris flow and flash flood events. Therefore, in mountainous, high-risk disaster areas, it is important to carefully select residential sites to avoid a large number of casualties.

ACS Style

Jian-Rong Fan; Xi-Yu Zhang; Feng-Huan Su; Yong-Gang Ge; Paolo Tarolli; Zheng-Yin Yang; Chao Zeng; Zhen Zeng. Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data. Journal of Mountain Science 2017, 14, 1677 -1688.

AMA Style

Jian-Rong Fan, Xi-Yu Zhang, Feng-Huan Su, Yong-Gang Ge, Paolo Tarolli, Zheng-Yin Yang, Chao Zeng, Zhen Zeng. Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data. Journal of Mountain Science. 2017; 14 (9):1677-1688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jian-Rong Fan; Xi-Yu Zhang; Feng-Huan Su; Yong-Gang Ge; Paolo Tarolli; Zheng-Yin Yang; Chao Zeng; Zhen Zeng. 2017. "Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data." Journal of Mountain Science 14, no. 9: 1677-1688.

Original article
Published: 29 August 2017 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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The ability to forecast debris flows is important because of their frequent occurrence and potential for large-scale damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake-hit area. Accurate understanding of the characteristics of rainfall responsible for triggering debris flows is necessary for an effective early warning procedure. This study examined the general characteristics and spatiotemporal variation of rainfall events that responsible for debris flows. Analysis was performed on rainfall data extracted during 2008–2013. The results revealed that the rainfall thresholds for debris flows varied annually and showed tendency toward higher conditions required. The coefficient of variation of relevant rainfall events indicated that the characteristics of the rainstorms changed. In addition, the coefficient of deviation revealed the spatial variation of rainfall in subregions, which was attributed to differences of the local climatic conditions that control debris flow occurrence. The primary controlling rainfall indices for triggering debris flows were filtered, and the most suitable models for establishing rainfall thresholds were selected. Ultimately, the rainfall thresholds were obtained for each subregion within the study area.

ACS Style

Xiaojun Guo; Peng Cui; Lorenzo Marchi; Yonggang Ge. Characteristics of rainfall responsible for debris flows in Wenchuan Earthquake area. Environmental Earth Sciences 2017, 76, 596 .

AMA Style

Xiaojun Guo, Peng Cui, Lorenzo Marchi, Yonggang Ge. Characteristics of rainfall responsible for debris flows in Wenchuan Earthquake area. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2017; 76 (17):596.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaojun Guo; Peng Cui; Lorenzo Marchi; Yonggang Ge. 2017. "Characteristics of rainfall responsible for debris flows in Wenchuan Earthquake area." Environmental Earth Sciences 76, no. 17: 596.

Conference paper
Published: 21 May 2017 in Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides
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Debris flows seriously endanger the highway from Chengdu to Lhasa (G318)and often interrupt traffic in rain seasons, especially at the southeast of Tibet. A large-scale debris flow, occurred on June 23, 2012 at Haitong Watershed, blocked the Xiqu River and formed a dammed lake with the average width of 60 m, the length of 300 m and the reservoir volume of 90,000–100,000 m3. The traffic of G318 Highway was interrupted until June 30th as the result that the highway base was buried about 230 m by debris flow deposits and inundated over 160 m by dammed lake. The investigation and the analysis of debris flow deposit samples showed that the debris flow delivered about 100,000 m3 sediment out of watershed, deposited along Xiqu River and formed a dam with the length of 230 m, the width of 100 m and the average thickness of 7–8 m. The clay content and density of debris flow deposits was 0.41–0.86% and 1.89–2.01 t/m3, respectively. Using the parameters of cross sections obtained by field measuring,the velocities and peak discharge for debris flow were estimated,and the velocities of flow reached 10.9–12.1 m/s by virtue of steep channel as well as the peak discharge at the mouth, the right gully and the left gully was 924, 642 and 336 m3/s, respectively. The debris flow on June 23 formed a hazard chain which was composed of flash flood, debris flow, dammed lake and outburst flood, and the threshold of debris flow blocking river was that the discharge, the magnitude and the deposits at river channel of debris flow was 230–850 m3/s, 11,709 and 9233 m3. The active tectonic movement, abundant erosion deposits and steep geomorphology are responsible for debris flow formation, the rainstorm after long-period drought triggered debris flows and the sediments induced by channel deposits initiation at the lower of the watershed further supplied and enlarged debris flow. The highway risk were assessed using the model which was established based on dynamic mechanism, and the high-dangerous zone and middle-dangerous zone occupied 86.5%, which agreed with the actual, where were buried by debris flow deposits or submerged by the following dammed lake. Based on the hazards and risk of debris flows on June 23, the protection measures, including dangerous debris flow identification, risk assessment, rational route, integrated control and emergency plans, were recommended.

ACS Style

Ge Yonggang; Zou Qiang; Zhang Jianqiang; Guo Xiaojun. Characteristics, Causes and Hazards of Large-Scale Debris Flows on June 23 at Haitong Watershed, Tibet, China. Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides 2017, 581 -592.

AMA Style

Ge Yonggang, Zou Qiang, Zhang Jianqiang, Guo Xiaojun. Characteristics, Causes and Hazards of Large-Scale Debris Flows on June 23 at Haitong Watershed, Tibet, China. Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides. 2017; ():581-592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ge Yonggang; Zou Qiang; Zhang Jianqiang; Guo Xiaojun. 2017. "Characteristics, Causes and Hazards of Large-Scale Debris Flows on June 23 at Haitong Watershed, Tibet, China." Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides , no. : 581-592.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2015 in Journal of Mountain Science
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Over 240 debris flows occurred in hill-slopes, gullies ( indicated those with single-channel) and watersheds (indicated those with tributaries and channels) on July 10th 2013 in the Wenchuan county, and caused 29 casualties and about 633×106 USD losses. This work aimed to analyze characteristics, hazards and causes of these events and explore mitigating measures based on field investigation and remote sensing images interpretation. The debris flows contained clay content of 0.1%∼3.56%, having densities of 1.72∼2.14 t/m3, velocities of 5.0∼12.7 m/s, discharges of 335∼2353 m3/s and sediment yields of 0.10∼1.26×106 m3, and also numerously occurred in large watersheds with the area over 10 km2. Large debris flows formed 3 hazard-chains in slopes, gullies, watersheds and rivers, which all evolved in dammed lakes and outburst flood, and 26 dammed lakes and 10 newly ones were generated along the rivers of Min and Yuzi. The remarkable spatial difference of loose solid materials accumulation and intense rainfall, with the cumulative of about or more than 150 mm and the hourly of over 16mm, caused debris flows in the sections from Yingxiu to Miansi and Gengda. The damages on buildings, reconstructions, highways, factories and hydro power station originated from the impacting, scouring, burying of debris flows, the submerging of dammed lake and the scouring of outburst flood, and the huge losses came from the ruinous destructions of control engineering works of debris flows as well as the irrational location and low-resistant capabilities of reconstructions. For hazards mitigating of debris flows in long term, the feasible measures for short term, including risk-reassessing of foregone and potential hazard sites, regional alarming system establishing and integrated control in disastrous sites, and middle-long term, including improving reconstruction standard, rationally disposing river channel bed rise and selecting appropriate reconstruction time and plans, were strongly suggested.

ACS Style

Yong-Gang Ge; Peng Cui; Jian-Qiang Zhang; Chao Zeng; Feng-Huan Su. Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake. Journal of Mountain Science 2015, 12, 186 -206.

AMA Style

Yong-Gang Ge, Peng Cui, Jian-Qiang Zhang, Chao Zeng, Feng-Huan Su. Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake. Journal of Mountain Science. 2015; 12 (1):186-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong-Gang Ge; Peng Cui; Jian-Qiang Zhang; Chao Zeng; Feng-Huan Su. 2015. "Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake." Journal of Mountain Science 12, no. 1: 186-206.

Research article
Published: 17 December 2014 in Journal of Earthquakes
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After analysing the catastrophic debris flows on August 18, 2012, and on July 9, 2013, in Jushui River basin, An County, the Wenchuan Earthquake seriously striken areas, it was found that they were characterized by the clay soil content of 0.1~1.2%, the density of 1.68~2.03 t/m3, the discharges of 62.2 m3/s to 552.5 m3/s, and the sediment delivery modulus of 1.0~9.4 × 104 m3/km2. Due to intense rainstorm, many large debris flows produced hazard chain, involved in flash flood, debris flow, dammed lake, and outburst flood, and rose Jushui River channel about 1~4 m as well as amplified flood. The hazards and losses mainly originated from the burying and scouring of debris flows, flood inundating, and river channel rise. The prevention of debris flows is facing the intractable problems including potential hazard identification, overstandard debris flow control, control constructions destructing, and river channel rapid rise. Therefore, the prevention measures for the basin, including hazard identification and risk assessment, inhabitants relocating, monitoring and alarming network establishing, emergency plans founding, and river channel renovating, and the integrated control mode for watershed based on regulating the process of debris flow discharge, were recommended for mitigation.

ACS Style

Yonggang Ge; Jianqiang Zhang; Xiaojun Guo. Characteristics and Prevention of the Debris Flows following Wenchuan Earthquake in Jushui River Basin, An County, China. Journal of Earthquakes 2014, 2014, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Yonggang Ge, Jianqiang Zhang, Xiaojun Guo. Characteristics and Prevention of the Debris Flows following Wenchuan Earthquake in Jushui River Basin, An County, China. Journal of Earthquakes. 2014; 2014 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yonggang Ge; Jianqiang Zhang; Xiaojun Guo. 2014. "Characteristics and Prevention of the Debris Flows following Wenchuan Earthquake in Jushui River Basin, An County, China." Journal of Earthquakes 2014, no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2013 in Journal of Mountain Science
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Debris flow is a common natural hazard in the mountain areas of Western China due to favorable natural conditions, and also exacerbated by mountainous exploitation activities. This paper concentrated on the characteristics, causes and mitigation of a catastrophic mine debris flow hazard at Longda Watershed in Songpan County, Sichuan Province, on 21 July 2011. This debris flow deposited in the front of the No.1 dam, silted the drainage channel for flood and then rushed into tailing sediment reservoir in the main channel and made the No.2 dam breached. The outburst debris flow blocked Fu River, formed dammed lake and generated outburst flood, which delivered heavy metals into the lower reaches of Fu River, polluted the drink water source of the population of over 1 million. The debris flow was characterized with a density of 1.87∼2.15 t/m3 and a clay content of less than 1.63%. The peak velocity and flux at Longda Gully was over 10.0∼10.9 m/s and 429.0∼446.0 m3/s, respectively, and the flux was about 700 m3/s in main channel, equaling to the flux of the probability of 1%. About 330,000m3 solid materials was transported by debris flow and deposited in the drainage tunnel (120,000∼130,000 m3), the front of No.1 dam (100,000 m3) and the mouth of the watershed (100,000∼110,000 m3), respectively. When the peak flux and magnitude of debris flow was more than 462 m3/s and 7,423 m3, respectively, it would block Fu River and produce a hazard chain which was composed of debris flow, dammed lake and outburst flood. Furthermore, the 21 July large-scale debris flow was triggered by rainstorm with an intensity of 21.2 mm/0.5 h and the solid materials of debris flow were provided by landslides, slope deposits, mining wastes and tailing sediments. The property losses were mainly originated from the silting of the drainage tunnel for flash flood but not for debris flow and the irrational location of tailing sediment reservoir. Therefore, the mitigation measures for mine debris flows were presented: (1) The disastrous debris flow watershed should be identified in planning period and prohibited from being taken as the site of mining factories; (2) The mining facilities are constructed at the safe areas or watersheds; (3) Scoria plots, concentrator factory and tailing sediment reservoir are constructed in safe areas where the protection measures be easily made against debris flows; (4) The appropriate system and plan of debris flow mitigation including monitoring, remote monitoring and early-warning and emergency plan is established; (5) The stability of waste dump and tailing sediment reservoir are monitored continuously to prevent mining debris flows.

ACS Style

Yong-Gang Ge; Peng Cui; Xiao-Jun Guo; Guo-Hu Song; Wei-Ming Liu. Characteristics, causes and mitigation of catastrophic debris flow hazard on 21 July 2011 at the Longda Watershed of Songpan County, China. Journal of Mountain Science 2013, 10, 261 -272.

AMA Style

Yong-Gang Ge, Peng Cui, Xiao-Jun Guo, Guo-Hu Song, Wei-Ming Liu. Characteristics, causes and mitigation of catastrophic debris flow hazard on 21 July 2011 at the Longda Watershed of Songpan County, China. Journal of Mountain Science. 2013; 10 (2):261-272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong-Gang Ge; Peng Cui; Xiao-Jun Guo; Guo-Hu Song; Wei-Ming Liu. 2013. "Characteristics, causes and mitigation of catastrophic debris flow hazard on 21 July 2011 at the Longda Watershed of Songpan County, China." Journal of Mountain Science 10, no. 2: 261-272.

Book chapter
Published: 25 October 2012 in Earthquake-Induced Landslides
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After the Wenchuan Earthquake, debris flows frequently occurred and became the disastrous geo-hazard following this Earthquake at the seriously hit areas. This paper focused on characteristics,hazards, change and mitigation of the debris flows along Min River. The investigation and test data showed that debris flows were characterized by various types, low triggering rainfall with over 30 mm/24 h and over 10 mm/h, the density of 2.01–2.21 t/m3, high frequency and large magnitude. Debris flow mainly appeared in the watersheds of which area and geomorphologic index (θ) was less than 10 km2 and 6, respectively, accounting for 89 %, and the hazardous watersheds were featured with the area of 2–8 km2 and the θ of 2–4. Moreover, debris flows occurred in simultaneity when rainfall reached 20 mm/h and produced step-dammed lakes. Debris flows and the following dammed lakes resulted in rapid change of river channel, endangered towns and frequently interrupted traffic. Debris flows, especially those from the watersheds with over 10 km2,will continuously endanger reconstruction projects and local people in the future 10–15 years before they recover normal. After analyzing the loose materials amount and the potential destructed objects, the 23 hazardous watersheds are suggested to control and prevent. Finally, the mitigation measures, including risk identification and zoning, hazards prediction, remote-monitoring and early-warning, emergency mitigation plan, integrated control and river channel dredging, are presented for debris flow hazards mitigation.

ACS Style

Yonggang Ge; Peng Cui; Xingzhang Chen; Xinghua Zhu; Lingzhi Xiang. Characteristics, Hazards and Mitigation of Debris Flows Along Min River after the Wenchuan Earthquake. Earthquake-Induced Landslides 2012, 975 -987.

AMA Style

Yonggang Ge, Peng Cui, Xingzhang Chen, Xinghua Zhu, Lingzhi Xiang. Characteristics, Hazards and Mitigation of Debris Flows Along Min River after the Wenchuan Earthquake. Earthquake-Induced Landslides. 2012; ():975-987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yonggang Ge; Peng Cui; Xingzhang Chen; Xinghua Zhu; Lingzhi Xiang. 2012. "Characteristics, Hazards and Mitigation of Debris Flows Along Min River after the Wenchuan Earthquake." Earthquake-Induced Landslides , no. : 975-987.