The balanced allocation of medical and health resources is an important basis for the sustainable development of health undertakings. In recent years, China has made remarkable achievements in the medical and health services, but there is still a phenomenon of unbalanced allocation of medical and health resources among different regions, which has become an urgent problem to be solved in deepening the reform of the medical and health system during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. From the perspective of people’s needs for health, this study analyzed the equity and efficiency of urban medical and health resources allocation in China by using the Theil index method and DEA method. Meanwhile, the authors used the coupling coordination degree model to construct a balanced development model with equity and efficiency as subsystems, taking the city of Nanjing as an example to analyze its balanced allocation of medical and health resources from 2008 to 2019. In general, taking Nanjing as an example, it shows that the balanced allocation of medical and health resources in Chinese cities is good, but in geographical dimension, the level of balanced allocation is low, and there are still significant differences in the equity and efficiency of allocation among regions. In the future, the government can strengthen the rationality of regional planning, appropriately increasing health investment and medical supply, considering both equity and efficiency to further realize the balanced allocation of medical and health resources and improve the sustainability of urban medical service system. The main contribution of this paper lies in that, from the perspective of sustainable development, the evaluation system is integrated to measure the equity and efficiency respectively, and the balanced development model is used to investigate the allocation of urban medical and health resources. The research results can provide reference for optimizing resources allocation and promoting the sustainable development of medical and health undertakings.

The improvement of the efficiency of medical and health services is of great significance for improving the high-quality and efficient medical and health services system and meeting the increasingly diverse health needs of residents. Based on the panel data of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, this research analyzed the relative effectiveness of medical and health services from 2015 to 2019 using the super efficiency slack-based measure-data envelopment analysis model, and the Malmquist index method was used to explore the changes in the efficiency of medical and health services from a dynamic perspective. Furthermore, the spatial autocorrelation analysis method was used to verify the spatial correlation of medical and health services efficiency. In general, there is room for improvement in the efficiency of medical and health services in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province. There are obvious differences in regional efficiency, and there is a certain spatial correlation. In the future, the medical and health services efficiency of China’s cities should be improved by increasing the investment in high-quality medical and health resources, optimizing their layout and making full use of the spatial spillover effects between neighboring cities to strengthen inter-regional cooperation and exchanges.

Background: Although the phenomenon of high turnover rate in the elderly care industry has existed for a long time, there are few studies that have constructed frameworks to comprehensively analyze the strength of the effects of various factors on the turnover intention of elderly care workers.. This study analyzed the impact of different types of perceived human resource management practices on elderly care workers’ turnover intentions and whether this relationship is moderated by person-job fit and ownership of elderly care institutions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and regional survey study. The study included questionnaire survey data from a total of 305 elderly care workers from 42 elderly care institutions in 21 provinces in China during June to September 2021. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, and heterogeneity analyses were performed. Results: Perceived work environment ( $$\beta$$β =-0.5164, p< 0.01), perceived occupational protection ( $$\beta$$β =-0.3390, p< 0.01), perceived welfare benefits ( $$\beta$$β = -0.2620, p< 0.01) and perceived competency training ( $$\beta$$β = -0.1421, p< 0.1) were all significantly and negatively related to turnover intentions, the quality of perceived work environment has the greatest impact on elderly care workers’ turnover intentions. Under the moderating effects of person-job fit and ownership of elderly care institutions, there existed heterogeneity between perceived human resource management and turnover intentions among elderly care workers. High level of person-job fit and elderly care institutions’ public feature can effectively weaken the negative impact of each type of perceived human resource management on turnover intention among elderly care workers. Conclusions: The managers of elderly care institutions should optimize the management mechanism, typically pay attention to elderly care workers’ working environment, formulate and improve the professional standards and job requirements for elderly care workers, promote the public welfare value of nursing care services, and strengthen the sense of honor and responsibility of elderly care workers to reduce the turnover rate.

The uneven distribution of medical and health resources leads to changes in the choice of patients for medical treatment, which is the key to restrict the reform of medical services in China currently. Taking service accessibility and residents' cognition as the starting point, this study utilized the data from the questionnaire and applied logistic regression and mediation test. By taking service accessibility as an explanatory variable and residents' cognition as an intermediary variable, the study examined the differences between residents' choice of medical treatment at the primary and non-primary levels. Thus, the influencing factors of residents' choice of medical treatment at the primary level were explored. The research statistics came from questionnaires of 1,589 residents in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. The results showed that service accessibility and residents' cognition were significantly correlated with the residents' choice of primary medical treatment. Household registration, age, the signing situation with family doctors, hospital service fees, and distance to the hospital were positively related to residents' choice of primary medical treatment; while the reputation, scale, residents' income, and the reimbursement ratio of residents' medical insurance were negatively correlated with the choice. In addition, residents' cognition played an intermediary effect between service accessibility and the residents' choice of primary medical treatment. The signing situation with family doctors indirectly affected the choice of primary medical treatment through residents' cognition, and residents' cognition masked some negative influence of the reimbursement ratio of residents' medical insurance on the choice of primary medical treatment.

The successful anti-COVID-19 pandemic model of BEST region (Beijing-Seoul-Tokyo) includes China, Japan and South Korea, which benefit from its well-functioning organizational ecosystem and specific anti-COVID-19 pandemic strategies. Under the premise of an efficient market, the capable organizations of China, Japan and South Korea will play the dynamic function of coordination and organic connection. They will also help improve the governance efficiency of facilitating state in different stages of fighting against the pandemic. This article follows the analytical logic of the new structural economics, taking the factor endowment and its structure as the starting point for the analysis, through the comparative advantage operation mode determined by the market, and based on the collaborative anti-COVID-19 pandemic perspective of the government, the market and various social organizations, to build a framework for the facilitating state-efficient market-capable organization. The key to the success of the anti-COVID-19 pandemic method in China, Japan and South Korea is organically coordinated between government, market and organizations. Based on the effective promotion of micro-organizations, governments organize resource integration and implement macro-control of the market. A dynamic balance between economic governance and pandemic prevention and control has been achieved by optimizing the endowment structure of resources, improving infrastructure and reducing system costs.