The goal of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and depression and provide further insights into the relationship between QOL and depression among community-dwelling elderly Chinese people. Baseline data were collected from 1168 older adults (aged ≥ 60) in a large, prospective cohort study on measurement and evaluation of health-promoting and health-protecting behaviors intervention on chronic disease in different community-dwelling age groups. QOL was assessed using the 26-item, World Health Organization Quality of Life, brief version (WHOQOL-BREF) and depression was assessed using the 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The mean WHOQOL-BREF score for all dimensions was approximately 60, with the highest mean value (61.92) observed for social relationships, followed by environment, physical health, and psychological health domains. In this cohort, 26.1% of elderly urban adults met GDS criteria for depression. There were negative correlations between physical health (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.928, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.910–0.946), psychological health (OR = 0.906, 95% CI: 0.879–0.934), environment (OR = 0.966, 95% CI: 0.944–0.989) and depression among elderly people. Those with depression were older, less educated, had a lower monthly income, and were more likely to report insomnia. All WHOQOL-BREF domains, with the exception of the social domain were negatively correlated with depression.

A healthy lifestyle includes health protective and health promoting behaviors. Health promoting lifestyle profiles have been developed, but measures of health protective behavior are still lacking. This study sought to develop a health protecting behavior scale. An initial item pool for the Health Protective Behavior Scale (HPBS) was generated based on read and referred literature and a single-item open-ended survey. An expert group screened this initial item pool using an item-level content validity index. Pilot testing was conducted. The degree of variation, the response rate, the item-total correlation coefficient, and the factor loading in factor analysis and item analysis were used to screen items using data of pilot testing. 454 subjects were recruited evaluate the psychometric properties of the HPBS. Analyses included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factor analysis, parallel analysis, correlation analysis and criterion validity analysis. The final iteration of the HPBS was developed with 32 items and five dimensions: interpersonal support, general behavior, self-knowledge, nutrition behavior and health care. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability were 0.89 and 0.89 respectively. Correlation coefficients of the five dimensions ranged from 0.28 to 0.55. The Spearman correlation coefficient between the total scores on the WHOQOL-BREF and on the HPBS was 0.34. HPBS has sufficient validity and reliability to measure health protective behaviors in adults.

Objective: Gastric polyps (GPs) are masses of cells that form on the lining inside stomach. The diagnosis and treatment of GPs are vital, since some cases may cause malignant. Endoscopic techniques have led to earlier detection of GPs, the incidence of GPs are projected to continue rising. The treatment of GPs and investigation are specific to the possible presentation, pathology, and malignant. This paper is to investigate risk factors related to GPs patients in China. Materials and methods: Total of 2048 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy from January 2014 to December 2014 were studied. Data collected included gender, age, education level, BMI, eating habits and other lifestyle behaviors. Data were assessed by both univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results and discussion: Of these, 181 patients had GPs. The univariate statistical test found significant differences between age and education level ( =92.87, p = .00, and =92.93, p = .00, respectively). Also, significant differences of the type of drinking water, regular eating habits, eating quickly, consumption of a high-salt, meat-based dietary, hard diet, hot food eating, watching television while meal, eating leftovers, vegetable/fruit intake, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were noticed (p < .05). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, dietary habits, eating styles, eating hot food or leftovers and fruit intake were associated with the development of GPs. Conclusions: Age and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as irregular eating habits, eating quickly, hot food, leftovers meals and a lower intake of fruit were independent risk factors for GPs.