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Land use changes often lead to soil erosion, land degradation, and environmental deterioration. However, little is known about just how much humans accelerate erosion compared to natural background rates in non-agricultural settings, despite its importance to knowing the magnitude of soil degradation. The lack of understanding of anthropogenic acceleration is especially true for arid regions. Thus, we used 10Be catchment averaged denudation rates (CADRs) to obtain natural rates of soil erosion in and around the Phoenix metropolitan region, Arizona, United States. We then measured the acceleration of soil erosion by grazing, wildfire, and urban construction by comparing CADRs to erosion rates for the same watersheds, finding that: (i) grazing sometimes can increase sediment yields by up to 2.3–2.6x, (ii) human-set wildfires increased sediment yields by up to 9.7–10.4x, (iii) after some post-fire vegetation recovered, sediment yield was then up to 4.2–4.5x the background yield, (iv) construction increased sediment yields by up to 5.0–5.6x, and (v) the sealing of urban surfaces led to one-tenth to one-half of the background sediment yields. The acceleration of erosion at the urban–rural interface in arid lands highlights the need for sustainable management of arid-region soils.
Ara Jeong; Ronald Dorn; Yeong-Bae Seong; Byung-Yong Yu. Acceleration of Soil Erosion by Different Land Uses in Arid Lands above 10Be Natural Background Rates: Case Study in the Sonoran Desert, USA. Land 2021, 10, 834 .
AMA StyleAra Jeong, Ronald Dorn, Yeong-Bae Seong, Byung-Yong Yu. Acceleration of Soil Erosion by Different Land Uses in Arid Lands above 10Be Natural Background Rates: Case Study in the Sonoran Desert, USA. Land. 2021; 10 (8):834.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAra Jeong; Ronald Dorn; Yeong-Bae Seong; Byung-Yong Yu. 2021. "Acceleration of Soil Erosion by Different Land Uses in Arid Lands above 10Be Natural Background Rates: Case Study in the Sonoran Desert, USA." Land 10, no. 8: 834.
The Salt River and Verde River watersheds provide downstream metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA with much of its water supply, and this paper explains how these rivers integrated in an extensional tectonic setting. Near the end of the Pliocene, segments of the proto-Salt and proto-Verde watersheds of central Arizona consisted of local drainage networks supplying water and sediment into internally drained basins, including depressions occupied by late Pliocene natural lakes occupying the Verde Valley and Tonto basins. A key location, the lower Verde River valley (LVRV), is where the modern-day drainages of the Salt and Verde now meet downstream of these Pliocene lakes. At the time of the Nomlaki tuff deposition ~3.3 Ma, a condition of sediment overfill existed in the LVRV, although there was no exoreic drainage and a playa was still maintained. A fanglomerate unit, named here the Rolls formation, spilled over a bedrock sill and an alluvial-fan ramp transported sediment into the Higley Basin that underlies the eastern part of metropolitan Phoenix. Lithologies of preserved remnants of this Pliocene alluvial-fan system match well cuttings of buried sediment in the Higley Basin with a cosmogenic burial isochron age of 3.90 ± 0.70 Ma. Based on cosmogenic burial isochron ages, ancestral Salt River gravels started depositing on top of this fan ramp between 2.8 and 2.2 Ma. Deposition of Salt and Verde river gravels in the Higley Basin continued for ~2 million years and eventually led to an aggradational piracy event that overtopped a bedrock ridge immediately east of Phoenix's Sky Harbor Airport. A cosmogenic burial age of 460 ± 23 ka is a rough maximum age for this river avulsion that relocated the Salt River into the Luke Basin that underlies western metropolitan Phoenix. Available chronometric data are not precise enough to determine whether the Salt River or Gila River integrated first. All of the exoreic rivers of western North America's Basin and Range Province — the lower Colorado, Gila, Rio Grande, Salt, and Verde rivers — employed lake overflow to integrate across half-graben, graben, rift and supradetachment tectonic settings.
Steve J. Skotnicki; Yeong B. Seong; Ronald I. Dorn; Phillip H. Larson; Jersy DePonty; Ara Jeong. Drainage integration of the Salt and Verde rivers in a Basin and Range extensional landscape, central Arizona, USA. Geomorphology 2020, 374, 107512 .
AMA StyleSteve J. Skotnicki, Yeong B. Seong, Ronald I. Dorn, Phillip H. Larson, Jersy DePonty, Ara Jeong. Drainage integration of the Salt and Verde rivers in a Basin and Range extensional landscape, central Arizona, USA. Geomorphology. 2020; 374 ():107512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSteve J. Skotnicki; Yeong B. Seong; Ronald I. Dorn; Phillip H. Larson; Jersy DePonty; Ara Jeong. 2020. "Drainage integration of the Salt and Verde rivers in a Basin and Range extensional landscape, central Arizona, USA." Geomorphology 374, no. : 107512.
Ara Jeong. Sediment accumulation expectations for growing desert cities: a realistic desired outcome to be used in constructing appropriately sized sediment storage of flood control structures. Environmental Research Letters 2019, 14, 125005 .
AMA StyleAra Jeong. Sediment accumulation expectations for growing desert cities: a realistic desired outcome to be used in constructing appropriately sized sediment storage of flood control structures. Environmental Research Letters. 2019; 14 (12):125005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAra Jeong. 2019. "Sediment accumulation expectations for growing desert cities: a realistic desired outcome to be used in constructing appropriately sized sediment storage of flood control structures." Environmental Research Letters 14, no. 12: 125005.
Background: Cattle stock ponds on the fringe of metropolitan Phoenix, USA, experienced a wide range of land use changes over the period from 1989‐2009. Aim: This research measures soil erosion from watersheds of different rock types, variable relief and land uses. Method: Monitoring sediment accumulation behind 18 earthen berms at each major land‐use transition enabled calculations of soil erosion rates. Results: Compared to the first decade of study with more precipitation and cattle grazing, accelerated urbanization in the drier second decade increased soil erosion from wildfires by up to 4.2x, from exposure of bare ground due to building construction by up to 3.4x, from bare ground exposure due to road and pipeline construction by up to 3.1x over grazing alone. Stock pond watersheds underlain by granite experienced statistically significant higher erosion rates compared to watersheds underlain by metamorphic, basalt, and other rock types. Global sediment yield data for warm desert (BWh Köppen‐Geiger) sites reveals that our data plot consistently with other grazed study areas with a tendency for higher area‐specific sediment yields in smaller drainage areas. These sediment yield data, however, do not support previously published generalizations of anomalously high or low sediment yields from warm desert settings. Conclusion: Desert urbanization processes accelerate soil erosion, resulting in the need for regulatory agencies to impose new erosion mitigation strategies.
Ara Jeong; Ronald I. Dorn. Soil erosion from urbanization processes in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA. Land Degradation & Development 2018, 30, 226 -238.
AMA StyleAra Jeong, Ronald I. Dorn. Soil erosion from urbanization processes in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA. Land Degradation & Development. 2018; 30 (2):226-238.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAra Jeong; Ronald I. Dorn. 2018. "Soil erosion from urbanization processes in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA." Land Degradation & Development 30, no. 2: 226-238.
Basanta R. Adhikari; Casey D. Allen; Bernard O. Bauer; Suet Yi Cheung; Bruno De Meulder; Ronald I. Dorn; Paulina Espinosa; Stacy Ester; Joan Estrany; Monique Fort; Maria Górska-Zabielska; Kevin Gamache; John R. Giardino; Kaelin M. Groom; Carolyn Hagele; Iwona Hildebrandt-Radke; Jesús Horacio; Melissa James; Edilia Jaque; Ara Jeong; Jasper Knight; Alexander MacDuff; Carlos A. Machado; Mirosław Makohonienko; Małgorzata Mazurek; Piotr Migoń; María Dolores Muñoz; Alfredo Ollero; Dana Olof; Adeyemi Olusola; Olumide Onafeso; Rebecca Harper Owens; Joana M. Petrus; Edyta Pijet-Migoń; Bhagawat Rimal; Silvio C. Rodrigues; Maurici Ruiz; Roderick Schubert; Mary J. Thornbush; Ian J. Walker; Ryszard Zabielski; Panshu Zhao; Zbigniew Zwoliński. Contributors. Urban Geomorphology 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleBasanta R. Adhikari, Casey D. Allen, Bernard O. Bauer, Suet Yi Cheung, Bruno De Meulder, Ronald I. Dorn, Paulina Espinosa, Stacy Ester, Joan Estrany, Monique Fort, Maria Górska-Zabielska, Kevin Gamache, John R. Giardino, Kaelin M. Groom, Carolyn Hagele, Iwona Hildebrandt-Radke, Jesús Horacio, Melissa James, Edilia Jaque, Ara Jeong, Jasper Knight, Alexander MacDuff, Carlos A. Machado, Mirosław Makohonienko, Małgorzata Mazurek, Piotr Migoń, María Dolores Muñoz, Alfredo Ollero, Dana Olof, Adeyemi Olusola, Olumide Onafeso, Rebecca Harper Owens, Joana M. Petrus, Edyta Pijet-Migoń, Bhagawat Rimal, Silvio C. Rodrigues, Maurici Ruiz, Roderick Schubert, Mary J. Thornbush, Ian J. Walker, Ryszard Zabielski, Panshu Zhao, Zbigniew Zwoliński. Contributors. Urban Geomorphology. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBasanta R. Adhikari; Casey D. Allen; Bernard O. Bauer; Suet Yi Cheung; Bruno De Meulder; Ronald I. Dorn; Paulina Espinosa; Stacy Ester; Joan Estrany; Monique Fort; Maria Górska-Zabielska; Kevin Gamache; John R. Giardino; Kaelin M. Groom; Carolyn Hagele; Iwona Hildebrandt-Radke; Jesús Horacio; Melissa James; Edilia Jaque; Ara Jeong; Jasper Knight; Alexander MacDuff; Carlos A. Machado; Mirosław Makohonienko; Małgorzata Mazurek; Piotr Migoń; María Dolores Muñoz; Alfredo Ollero; Dana Olof; Adeyemi Olusola; Olumide Onafeso; Rebecca Harper Owens; Joana M. Petrus; Edyta Pijet-Migoń; Bhagawat Rimal; Silvio C. Rodrigues; Maurici Ruiz; Roderick Schubert; Mary J. Thornbush; Ian J. Walker; Ryszard Zabielski; Panshu Zhao; Zbigniew Zwoliński. 2018. "Contributors." Urban Geomorphology , no. : 1.
The urban metropolis of Phoenix, Arizona, USA rests on classic desert landforms, including extensive areas of pediments, alluvial fans, aeolian sand sheets, and former areas of desert pavement. The Phoenix area landforms exemplify classic desert geomorphic processes, such as rock varnish accretion, the rock decay processes of dirt cracking, desert pavement formation, rockfall, debris flows, high magnitude-low frequency flooding events, and pedimentation. Recent urban expansion has pushed housing up against the base of steep desert slopes capable of generating debris flows, rockfalls, and rockslides. Other geomorphic hazards experienced by urbanism in the desert include dust storms and flash flooding. The Phoenix metropolitan region offers an opportunity to explore the impact of the Anthropocene, the proposed new geological epoch defined by the human imprint, in a warm desert setting impacted by cattle crazing, wildfire that results from introduced grass species, and urbanization processes, such as road building and home construction.
Ara Jeong; Suet Yi Cheung; Ian J. Walker; Ronald I. Dorn. Urban Geomorphology of an Arid City: Case Study of Phoenix, Arizona. Urban Geomorphology 2018, 177 -204.
AMA StyleAra Jeong, Suet Yi Cheung, Ian J. Walker, Ronald I. Dorn. Urban Geomorphology of an Arid City: Case Study of Phoenix, Arizona. Urban Geomorphology. 2018; ():177-204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAra Jeong; Suet Yi Cheung; Ian J. Walker; Ronald I. Dorn. 2018. "Urban Geomorphology of an Arid City: Case Study of Phoenix, Arizona." Urban Geomorphology , no. : 177-204.
Ara Jeong; Jae Il Lee; Yeong Bae Seong; Greg Balco; Kyu-Cheul Yoo; Ho Il Yoon; Eugene Domack; Hyun Hee Rhee; Byung Yong Yu. Late Quaternary deglacial history across the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Quaternary Science Reviews 2018, 189, 134 -148.
AMA StyleAra Jeong, Jae Il Lee, Yeong Bae Seong, Greg Balco, Kyu-Cheul Yoo, Ho Il Yoon, Eugene Domack, Hyun Hee Rhee, Byung Yong Yu. Late Quaternary deglacial history across the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Quaternary Science Reviews. 2018; 189 ():134-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAra Jeong; Jae Il Lee; Yeong Bae Seong; Greg Balco; Kyu-Cheul Yoo; Ho Il Yoon; Eugene Domack; Hyun Hee Rhee; Byung Yong Yu. 2018. "Late Quaternary deglacial history across the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica." Quaternary Science Reviews 189, no. : 134-148.
Six different electron microscope techniques imaged and analyzed boulder and bedrock surfaces with glacially polished textures collected from the margins of the Athabasca Glacier in Canada, Bunger Oasis of Antarctica, Franz Josef Glacier in New Zealand, a Greenland outlet glacier, the Ngozumpa Glacier in Nepal, and the Middle Palisade Glacier in California. The purpose of this pilot investigation involves developing a better understanding of both rock decay and rock coating development at the edge of retreating glaciers. Our hope is that others in the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers will test some of the findings of this research in their study areas. In research on rock decay, five different samples from the six contexts revealed the presence of weathering rinds with varying degrees of porosity ranging from 0.3 to 7.1 percent. An often-made assumption, inconsistent with these data, is that recently exposed glaciated rocks exist in a fresh or unaltered state and that progressive decay can be monitored by measurement of weathering-rind thicknesses or Schmidt Hammer measurements from this "initial state." The observed variability in weathering-rind porosity thus creates an additional uncertainty factor that could be incorporated into future studies of rock decay over time. Several different types of rock coatings occurred on the studied surfaces, including a newly recognized type of Mg-rich coating, iron films, rock varnish, fungal mats, and silica glaze—where silica glaze was the most commonly observed rock coating. The remobilized constituents of silica glaze, rock varnish, and iron also migrate into the underlying weathering rind to produce case hardening. Studies of rock varnish chemistry revealed evidence of twentieth- and twenty-first-century anthropogenic lead contamination in the upper micron of varnishes at the Greenland and Middle Palisade Glacier sites.
Ronald I. Dorn; Ara Jeong. Rock Coating and Weathering-Rind Development at the Edge of Retreating Glaciers: An Initial Study. Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 2018, 80, 66 -96.
AMA StyleRonald I. Dorn, Ara Jeong. Rock Coating and Weathering-Rind Development at the Edge of Retreating Glaciers: An Initial Study. Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers. 2018; 80 (1):66-96.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRonald I. Dorn; Ara Jeong. 2018. "Rock Coating and Weathering-Rind Development at the Edge of Retreating Glaciers: An Initial Study." Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 80, no. 1: 66-96.
Yeong Bae Seong; Ara Jeong; Ronald I. Dorn; Brian F. Gootee; P. Kyle House; Philip A. Pearthree. AGE OF BOUSE FORMATION ESTIMATED BY AUTHIGENIC 10BE/9BE DATING. GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleYeong Bae Seong, Ara Jeong, Ronald I. Dorn, Brian F. Gootee, P. Kyle House, Philip A. Pearthree. AGE OF BOUSE FORMATION ESTIMATED BY AUTHIGENIC 10BE/9BE DATING. GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeong Bae Seong; Ara Jeong; Ronald I. Dorn; Brian F. Gootee; P. Kyle House; Philip A. Pearthree. 2016. "AGE OF BOUSE FORMATION ESTIMATED BY AUTHIGENIC 10BE/9BE DATING." GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016 , no. : 1.