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The production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from waste stream has been recently getting attention as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach in mechanical–biological treatment plants. This is the first study to explore the use of a functional bacterium, AM5 isolated from forest soil, which is capable of enhancing the production of VFAs in the presence of soil bacteria as a co-digester in non-strict anaerobic fermentation processes of food waste leachates. Batch laboratory-scale trials were conducted under thermophilic conditions at 55 °C and different pH values ranging from approximately 5 to 11, as well as under uncontrolled pH for 15 days. Total solid content (TS) and volatile solid content (VS) were observed with 58.42% and 65.17% removal, respectively. An effluent with a VFA concentration of up to 33,849 mg/L (2365.57 mg/g VS; 2244.45 mg/g chemical oxygen demand (COD)-VFA VS; 1249 mg/g VSremoved) was obtained at pH 10.5 on the second day of the batch culture. The pH resulted in a significant effect on VFA concentration and composition at various values. Additionally, all types of VFAs were produced under pH no-adjustment (approximately 5) and at pH 10.5. This research might lead to interesting questions and ideas for further studies on the complex metabolic pathways of microbial communities in the mixture of a soil solution and food waste leachate.
Van Hong Thi Pham; Jeongyoon Ahn; Jaisoo Kim; Sangbeom Lee; Ingyu Lee; Sungchul Kim; Soonwoong Chang; Woojin Chung. Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Food Waste Leachate Using Enriched Bacterial Culture and Soil Bacteria as Co-Digester. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9606 .
AMA StyleVan Hong Thi Pham, Jeongyoon Ahn, Jaisoo Kim, Sangbeom Lee, Ingyu Lee, Sungchul Kim, Soonwoong Chang, Woojin Chung. Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Food Waste Leachate Using Enriched Bacterial Culture and Soil Bacteria as Co-Digester. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9606.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan Hong Thi Pham; Jeongyoon Ahn; Jaisoo Kim; Sangbeom Lee; Ingyu Lee; Sungchul Kim; Soonwoong Chang; Woojin Chung. 2021. "Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Food Waste Leachate Using Enriched Bacterial Culture and Soil Bacteria as Co-Digester." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9606.
Red mud (RM), an industrial waste of bauxite refinery, shows great potential in adsorptive phosphate immobilization but granulation of RM enables the ease for field application. Red-mud-based ceramsites with 12 compositions that blended Korean red mud, American red mud, ocher, and bentonite were synthesized through firing process (600∼1000 oC). The porosity, bulk density, mechanical strength, mineralogical composition, and phosphate adsorption capacity of granulated RM were characterized and analyzed. The crystallization of plagioclases, nepheline and gehlenite was observed in the ceramsites with high alkali flux content, which enhanced both porosity and phosphate adsorption capacity. The characteristics of the ceramsites without phase transition were highly correlated with porosity. The mechanical strength of ceramsites was governed by crack population, describable by the Weibull distribution model, and thus the maximal tensile stress correlated negatively with porosity. Results showed that 32 wt % of KRREM and USREM treated at 1000 and 900 oC, respectively, yielded the best performing ceramites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity. Ultimately, the phosphate adsorption capacity, as affected by initial phosphate concentration, contact time, and temperature, of the optimized ceramsites was studied.
Jui-Yen Lin; Dan Li; Minsoo Kim; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang. Process optimization for the synthesis of ceramsites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity. Chemosphere 2021, 278, 130239 .
AMA StyleJui-Yen Lin, Dan Li, Minsoo Kim, Ingyu Lee, Hyunook Kim, Chin-Pao Huang. Process optimization for the synthesis of ceramsites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity. Chemosphere. 2021; 278 ():130239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJui-Yen Lin; Dan Li; Minsoo Kim; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang. 2021. "Process optimization for the synthesis of ceramsites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity." Chemosphere 278, no. : 130239.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely applied for extracting energy from organic wastes. Optimization of AD operation is difficult because of its complexity. Therefore, an effective control of the AD process has become a popular area of research. Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is the most commonly applied model for predicting and controlling the performance of an AD system. However, it requires extensive model calibration/validation steps to improve its accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, ADM1 was modified by linearizing biochemical process equations to develop a linearized ADM1 (LADM) to be implemented in a model predictive control (MPC) for AD systems. Then, both ADM1 and linearized ADM1 (LADM) were firstly applied for a lab-scale AD system and their performances in predicting biogas production of the AD system were compared. The results showed that the LADM had a very similar performance to that of ADM1, as the mean relative error (MRE) of the former was 1.3%. However, the computational cost of the LADM was 18% and 15% lower than that of ADM1, as calculated by using Matlab’s two integrators, i.e., ODE45 and ODE15, respectively. Then, the lab-scale AD system was operated by the MPC with LADM implemented. As a result, a very accurate prediction of the biogas production could be obtained. The MRE of the model prediction of biogas production for 80-days AD operation was only 6.9%, indicating that the LADM and MPC scheme developed in this study are promising for application in the process control of an AD system.
Dan Li; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim. Application of the linearized ADM1 (LADM) to lab-scale anaerobic digestion system. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105193 .
AMA StyleDan Li, Ingyu Lee, Hyunook Kim. Application of the linearized ADM1 (LADM) to lab-scale anaerobic digestion system. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (3):105193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDan Li; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Application of the linearized ADM1 (LADM) to lab-scale anaerobic digestion system." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 3: 105193.
Commonly observed competitive substrate inhibition in cometabolism of organic contaminants is used as rate- and reducing-power-determining factors to develop a kinetic model of the competitive cometabolism. Analogous to the well-known theory of Leudeking-Piret kinetics where the product formation demands reducing power, cometabolism is modeled as a reducing power demanding process that also competes with microbial growth for the available reducing power from the degradation of energy-yielding primary substrate. The model further incorporates other growth-associated phenomena such as substrate inhibition and multiple growth/nongrowth substrate interactions that may occur during cometabolic transformation processes. The kinetic model is used successfully to predict a variety of degradation patterns of growth/nongrowth substrates, displayed by microbial cultures when exposed to different concentration ratios of growth to nongrowth substrate: a complete degradation of nongrowth substrates that coincides with the simultaneous depletion of a growth substrate and, in some other cases, an incomplete degradation of a nongrowth substrate following the complete depletion of a growth substrate. These distinct patterns of substrate degradation are attributed to intrinsic specificities of enzymes for cometabolism and lack of reducing power available from the growth substrate degradation. The efficacy of cometabolic capabilities of actively growing microbial cultures and pre-cultured resting cells is discussed in terms of reducing power available in such systems.
Michael H. Kim; Chihhao Fan; Shu-Yuan Pan; Ingyu Lee; Yupo Lin; Hyunook Kim. Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions. Water-Energy Nexus 2020, 3, 62 -70.
AMA StyleMichael H. Kim, Chihhao Fan, Shu-Yuan Pan, Ingyu Lee, Yupo Lin, Hyunook Kim. Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions. Water-Energy Nexus. 2020; 3 ():62-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael H. Kim; Chihhao Fan; Shu-Yuan Pan; Ingyu Lee; Yupo Lin; Hyunook Kim. 2020. "Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions." Water-Energy Nexus 3, no. : 62-70.
In this study, a total of 52 pharmaceuticals in the influent and effluent of two sewage treatment plants (STPs) and in the receiving waters were quantified with an analytical method using on-line solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry. 36 out of the 52 pharmaceuticals were detected in the influent and effluent of the STPs at quantifiable levels; influent and effluent concentrations ranged 1 ng L−1 to 30 μg L−1 and 3 ng L−1 to 3 μg L−1, respectively. They were also detected from the receiving waters (both tributaries and main river); their concentrations ranged from 1 to 310 ng L−1. A simple mass balance model was applied for the pharmaceutical data measured for the STPs, tributaries, and the main river to demonstrate the contribution of the STPs to the pollution of the streams and the main river. The average ratio of the model estimations and the measured concentrations was calculated 97% for the downstream of the STPs, while that for the main river was 89%. This modeling result clearly demonstrates that many pharmaceuticals flowing into an STP are not degraded and discharged to a nearby river, affecting the whole water body, and that the STP is the only source of the pollutants. While their discharge into STPs should be avoided. In addition, development of new technologies capable of completely degrading them is desirable.
Youngmin Hong; Ingyu Lee; Wonseok Lee; Hyunook Kim. Mass-balance-model-based evaluation of sewage treatment plant contribution to residual pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. Chemosphere 2019, 225, 378 -387.
AMA StyleYoungmin Hong, Ingyu Lee, Wonseok Lee, Hyunook Kim. Mass-balance-model-based evaluation of sewage treatment plant contribution to residual pharmaceuticals in environmental waters. Chemosphere. 2019; 225 ():378-387.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungmin Hong; Ingyu Lee; Wonseok Lee; Hyunook Kim. 2019. "Mass-balance-model-based evaluation of sewage treatment plant contribution to residual pharmaceuticals in environmental waters." Chemosphere 225, no. : 378-387.
Ingyu Lee; Hyundong Hwang; Jungwoo Lee; Nayoung Yu; Jinhuck Yun; Hyunook Kim. Modeling approach to evaluation of environmental impacts on river water quality: A case study with Galing River, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Ecological Modelling 2017, 353, 167 -173.
AMA StyleIngyu Lee, Hyundong Hwang, Jungwoo Lee, Nayoung Yu, Jinhuck Yun, Hyunook Kim. Modeling approach to evaluation of environmental impacts on river water quality: A case study with Galing River, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Ecological Modelling. 2017; 353 ():167-173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngyu Lee; Hyundong Hwang; Jungwoo Lee; Nayoung Yu; Jinhuck Yun; Hyunook Kim. 2017. "Modeling approach to evaluation of environmental impacts on river water quality: A case study with Galing River, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia." Ecological Modelling 353, no. : 167-173.
A variety of modified activated sludge processes are widely used in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for removing organics and nutrients (N and P). Since energy consumption in aeration basin accounts for the major part of the overall energy usage in WWTPs, efforts have been made to find ways to reduce aeration energy. In this study, two modified activated sludge processes in a pilot scale designed for nutrient removal were evaluated for the extent of energy saving: (1) ABA(2) process - adjusting air on/off period (i.e., with a temporal change); and (2) MB-A(2)O process - changing volume ratio of aerobic tank to anoxic tank (i.e., with a spatial change). For the 1st process, the air on/off period was fixed at 60min/45min with aerobic fraction being 0.57, while for the 2nd process, the aerobic/anoxic volume ratio was reduced from 0.58 to 0.42. The results demonstrate that the effluent COD, TN, NH4(+) and TP concentrations are acceptable while reduced aeration time/volume certainly saves significant energy consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this is 1st attempt to reduce the aeration period or aeration volume to save the aeration energy in these two modified activated sludge processes. The implication of these observations is further discussed.
Ingyu Lee; Honglae Lim; Byunghun Jung; Mark F. Colosimo; Hyunook Kim. Evaluation of aeration energy saving in two modified activated sludge processes. Chemosphere 2015, 140, 72 -78.
AMA StyleIngyu Lee, Honglae Lim, Byunghun Jung, Mark F. Colosimo, Hyunook Kim. Evaluation of aeration energy saving in two modified activated sludge processes. Chemosphere. 2015; 140 ():72-78.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngyu Lee; Honglae Lim; Byunghun Jung; Mark F. Colosimo; Hyunook Kim. 2015. "Evaluation of aeration energy saving in two modified activated sludge processes." Chemosphere 140, no. : 72-78.
Stable water supply to end users is the most important element in water supply systems (WSSs). The portion of energy used by the water distribution system is up to 40% of the total energy consumed by WSSs. To save energy cost for pumping systems, a number of attempts have been made. Especially, an optimization scheme for scheduling the water-pumping operation has attracted the interest of water engineers. In this paper, a binary integer program was applied to optimize pumping schedule of a WSS in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka based on the hourly water demands for the next day. The water demands were forecasted by a combined model consisting of an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and an error compensation routine based on exponential smoothing technique. The result showed that the optimization system could reduce the operation cost of the WSS by minimizing electricity for water pumping; electricity cost for pump operation could be reduced by 55%.
Hyeong-Seok Kang; Hyunook Kim; Jaekyeong Lee; Ingyu Lee; Byoung-Youn Kwak; Hyungjoon Im. Optimization of pumping schedule based on water demand forecasting using a combined model of autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing. Water Supply 2014, 15, 188 -195.
AMA StyleHyeong-Seok Kang, Hyunook Kim, Jaekyeong Lee, Ingyu Lee, Byoung-Youn Kwak, Hyungjoon Im. Optimization of pumping schedule based on water demand forecasting using a combined model of autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing. Water Supply. 2014; 15 (1):188-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyeong-Seok Kang; Hyunook Kim; Jaekyeong Lee; Ingyu Lee; Byoung-Youn Kwak; Hyungjoon Im. 2014. "Optimization of pumping schedule based on water demand forecasting using a combined model of autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing." Water Supply 15, no. 1: 188-195.
Hyunook Kim; Honglae Lim; Jinhyung Wie; Ingyu Lee; Mark F. Colosimo. Optimization of modified ABA2 process using linearized ASM2 for saving aeration energy. Chemical Engineering Journal 2014, 251, 337 -342.
AMA StyleHyunook Kim, Honglae Lim, Jinhyung Wie, Ingyu Lee, Mark F. Colosimo. Optimization of modified ABA2 process using linearized ASM2 for saving aeration energy. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2014; 251 ():337-342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyunook Kim; Honglae Lim; Jinhyung Wie; Ingyu Lee; Mark F. Colosimo. 2014. "Optimization of modified ABA2 process using linearized ASM2 for saving aeration energy." Chemical Engineering Journal 251, no. : 337-342.