To accomplish the 1.5 °C and 2 °C climate change targets, the European Union (EU) has set up several policy initiatives. Within the EU, the carbon emissions of the road transport sector from the consumption of diesel and gasoline are constantly rising. (1) Background: due to road transport policies, diesel and gasoline use within the EU is increasing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and adding to climate risks. (2) Methods: sustainability analysis used was based on the method recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (3) Results: to meet its road transport requirements, the EU produces an estimated 0.237–0.245 billion tonnes of carbon per year from its total consumption of diesel and gasoline. (4) Conclusion: if there is no significant reduction in diesel and gasoline carbon emissions, there is a real risk that the EU’s carbon budget commitment could lapse and that climate change targets will not be met. Sustainability analysis of energy consumption in road transport sector shows the optimum solution is the direct electrification of road transport.

Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, one of the leading producers of temperate fruits in India, is in the process of adopting high-density apple cultivation. Establishment of high-density apple orchard involves a very high cost which gets compensated by higher productivity during its productive life. Considering the profitability of cultivating high-density apple a need was felt to examine its quality and yield potential that could guide the Government to formulate a roadmap for its dissemination in its domain area. High-density apple (variety-Super Chief Sandidge) was recently introduced from Italy. It is reported to be very productive and quality wise, retains a high score of consumer acceptability, accordingly efforts are being made to extend its adoption in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. To formulate a policy for its adoption, ex-ante evaluation was carried out by employing economic surplus model on the experimental data collected from the technical expert group of scientists involved in its cultivation, assessment, evaluation and dissemination. The results reveal that productivity of apple has increased by 53.6 mt/ha and labor employment has increased by 676 man days/ha due to the adoption of high-density apple technology. The results further revealed that with an expected expansion of high-density apple orchards over 30% of the target area NPV, IRR and BC ratio would amount to 16.43 Billion US $, 62% and 98.60.

Myocysticercosis is rare disorder and in particular the involvement of the neck muscles is much rarer. A rare case of myocysticercosis involving the right sternocleidomastoid muscle is presented with ultrasonographic demonstration of the nidus and associated edema.

Pesticide use has changed considerably the overall scenario of horticulture over the past few decades throughout the world. It has revolutionised the gamut of horticulture in terms of quality and quantity of produce. Jammu and Kashmir the northern state of the Indian union produces high quality apple that are exported to every nook and corner of the country along with few international borders as well. Pesticide trade has shown a remarkable growth in the valley from past few decades. About 70-80 per cent of populace in the region is involved directly or indirectly with the apple trade be it apple production, transportation, marketing, cold-storage, box-making, packing material, labour and the dealers and sub-dealers of pesticides and fertilizers. The worse part of pesticide business in the region is that from past few years the sub-standard and spurious brands have taken over the market and has reduced production and quality of apple resulting the distress and poverty of apple growers in the region. The only Agricultural University; Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K) in the region has framed a spray schedule, but unfortunately, either due to ignorance or lack of extension services, the growers are not fully following the schedule, resulting in losses and huge financial expenses. In this backdrop, the present study was undertaken with an extensive survey of 600 apple growers from the valley comprising of 260 adopters of SKUAST-K spray schedule and 157 non-adopters of spray schedule. Propensity score matching model was employed to get accurate results. In addition, four matching methods were employed to get counterfactual/equally likely match of the adopter and non-adopters in distribution. Results of nearest neighbour method, kernal method, radius method and stratified method, respectively revealed that adopters of spray schedule are at saving side by saving Rs. 1.13/-, Rs. 33717.75/, Rs. 9773.69/- and Rs. 11952.90/- of money as compared to their controlled group.

| Through medium density almond cultivation, production of almond in world has increased many folds from 1034 MT in 1995 to 3214 MT in 2019. The contribution of India to the total almond production in 2019 was merely 2.45 per cent. However, domestic demand is increasing every year, with the result, the country is importing almond to the tune of more than Rs.9.2/- billion annually. Varis is reported very productive and quality wise retains high score of consumer acceptability, accordingly efforts are being made to extend its adoption in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. To formulate a policy for its adoption, ex-ante evaluation was carried out by employing economic surplus model on the experimental data collected from the technical expert group of scientists involved in its cultivation, assessment, evaluation and dissemination. By adopting high advance impact assessment technologies and models, the study reveals that under medium density plantation at 2×2.5m (2000 trees/ha) resulted in the productivity of at least 3 mt/ha, the average productivity gain will shoot up from 0.96 MT/ha to about 3.00 MT/ha. thereby, improving the productivity by 3 fold, employability which went up from 260 to 810 man-days/ha. The results further revealed that with an expected expansion of medium density almond orchards over 30 per cent of the target area will provide NPV 1348.5 Billion US $, IRR 70 per cent and BC ratio would amount to 107.74 respectively. The study concludes that attention of people should be diverted towards the cultivation of almond which is a durable crop, having long shell life and can fetch huge amounts through foreign exchange.