This research investigated a UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based phytochemical profiling of Combretum indicum leaf extract (CILEx), and explored its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a Long–Evans rat model. After a one-week intervention, the animals’ blood glucose, lipid profile, and pancreatic architectures were evaluated. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS fragmentation of CILEx and its eight docking-guided compounds were further dissected to evaluate their roles using bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools. Results showed a very promising antioxidative effect of CILEx. Both doses of CILEx were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pancreatic tissue architectures were much improved compared to the diabetic control group. A computational approach revealed that schizonepetoside E, melianol, leucodelphinidin, and arbutin were highly suitable for further therapeutic assessment. Arbutin, in a Gene Ontology and PPI network study, evolved as the most prospective constituent for 203 target proteins of 48 KEGG pathways regulating immune modulation and insulin secretion to control diabetes. The fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds are consistent with the obtained effects for CILEx. Results show that the natural compounds from CILEx could exert potential antidiabetic effects through in vivo and computational study.

The isomeric ligand L_C, a saturated analogue of 2,9-C-meso-Me₈[14]diene, on reflux with excess acrylonitrile afforded 1,8-N-pendant cyanoethyl derivative L_CX. Interaction of L_CX with cadmium(II) perchlorate, nitrate, acetate, and chloride salts produced six coordinated octahedral compounds, [Cd(L_CX) (ClO₄)₂]∙2H₂O, [Cd(L_CX) (NO₃)₂], [Cd(L_CX) (CH₃COO)₂], and [Cd(L_CX)Cl₂], respectively. Further, axial substitution reactions between [Cd(L_CX) (ClO₄)₂]∙2H₂O and KI, KBr, KCl, KSCN, and NaNO₂ in a 1:2 ratio yielded six coordinated octahedral compounds, [Cd(L_CX)I₂]∙H₂O, [Cd(L_CX)Br₂]∙2H₂O, [Cd(L_CX)Cl(ClO₄)]∙2H₂O, [Cd(L_CX) (NCS)₂]∙H₂O, and [Cd(L_CX) (NO₂) (ClO₄)]∙2H₂O, respectively. All of the newly prepared compounds have been characterized by analytical, spectroscopic, molar conductivity, and magnetochemical data. The crystal structure of the ligand L_CX was determined by x-ray crystallography which showed the 14-membered ring to adopt an extended chair conformation. Antibacterial activities of the newly formed cadmium(II) complexes against selected bacteria showed these to exhibit moderate and selective activity with 1-4 and 8 exhibiting greatest potency against the gram negative bacterium Salmonella typhi, and 5, 6, and 7 against the gram positive bacterium Bacillus wiedmannii.