The membrane emulsification process (ME) using a metallic membrane was the first stage for preparing a spherical and monodisperse thermoresponsive molecularly imprinted polymer (TSMIP). In the second step of the preparation, after the ME process, the emulsion of monomers was then polymerized. Additionally, the synthesized TSMIP was fabricated using as a functional monomer N-isopropylacrylamide, which is thermosensitive. This special type of polymer was obtained for the recognition and determination of trace bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous media. Two types of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized using amounts of BPA of 5 wt.% (MIP-2) and 7 wt.% (MIP-1) in the reaction mixtures. Additionally, a non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was also synthesized. Polymer MIP-2 showed thermocontrolled recognition for imprinted molecules and a higher binding capacity than its corresponding non-imprinted polymer and higher than other molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP-1). The best condition for the sorption process was at a temperature of 35 °C, that is, at a temperature close to the phase transition value for poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Under these conditions, the highest levels of BPA removal from water were achieved and the highest adsorption capacity of MIP-2 was about 0.5 mmol g⁻¹ (about 114.1 mg g⁻¹) and was approximately 20% higher than for MIP-1 and NIP. It was also observed that during the kinetic studies, under these temperature conditions, MIP-2 sorbed BPA faster and with greater efficiency than its non-imprinted analogue.

This study evaluated the viability of utilizing membrane bioreactor (MBR)‐treated wastewater for the irrigation of safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L., cv. Dinçer) under Mediterranean conditions. A field experiment was conducted in İzmir, Türkiye, from May 1st to August 13th, 2015, to assess the effects of four irrigation regimes under drip irrigation on plant growth and water use: weekly irrigation with MBR‐treated wastewater (I1), weekly irrigation with freshwater (I2), phenological‐stage irrigation with MBR‐treated wastewater (I3), and no irrigation (I4). Seed yield, 1000‐seed weight, oil content, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and soil salinity were evaluated. Irrigation regimes significantly affected all yield‐related parameters. The highest seed yield (363.5 kg da ⁻¹ ) and oil yield (103.8 kg oil da ⁻¹ ) were obtained under I1, followed closely by I2. No significant differences in yield were observed between I1 and I2, indicating that MBR‐treated wastewater can serve as a viable alternative to freshwater for safflower irrigation. A notable saving in water use, accompanied with acceptable yield reductions, was achieved by phenological‐stage irrigation (I3). The highest oil content (31.8%) was recorded under I4, indicating that water limitation increased oil concentration but reduced total yield. Soil electrical conductivity of the saturation extract (ECe) increased in the surface soil layers under MBR‐treated wastewater irrigation (I1, I3); however, no adverse effects on plant growth were observed. Crop coefficient values ( K _c ) were higher than the standard FAO‐56 values. It was concluded that MBR‐treated wastewater can be utilized for safflower irrigation, if salinity and sodicity are regularly monitored and managed. Therefore, the adoption of this approach demonstrated to be a sustainable strategy for enhancing agricultural water reuse under water‐scarce conditions.