Objective. To review the basic principles and functionality of the AMRmap online resource. Materials and Methods. The AMRmap platform was developed using the R programming language and various downloadable modules – packages. The current annually updated version of EUCAST clinical breakpoints was applied for determination of categories of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Descriptive analysis includes calculation of absolute and relative frequencies, median values, and confidence intervals using the Wilson method. Categorical variables are compared using Fisher’s exact test and Holm correction method for multiple comparisons. The algorithms are used to visualize multiple comparisons, kernel regression for trend analysis, and algorithms for finding associative rules. Results. The developed surveillance system includes modules for filtering, analyzing and visualizing antibiotic resistance data. The filters allow creating a sample of data with a specific list of parameters. A tab-based separation of analysis and visualization options ensure efficient stepwise evaluation of results. Data saving and sharing functions are also provided. Conclusions. This web-based informatics system provides a convenient way to AMR data from prospective microbiological surveillance studies in Russia. AMRmap can be accessed at https://amrmap.ru.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial for identifying trends in resistance and developing strategies for prevention and treatment of infections. Globally, AMR surveillance systems differ in terms of organizational principles, comprehensiveness, accessibility, and usability of data presentation. Until recently, the data on AMR in Russia were scarcely available, especially to international community, despite the fact that the large prospective multicenter surveillance in Russia was conducted and data were accumulated for over 20 years. We describe the source of data, structure, and functionality of a new-generation web platform, called AMRmap (https://amrmap.net/), for analysis of AMR surveillance data in Russia. The developed platform currently comprises susceptibility data of >40,000 clinical isolates, and the data on abundance of key resistance determinants, including acquired carbapenemases in gram-negatives, are updated annually with information on >5,000 new isolates. The AMRmap allows smart data filtration by multiple parameters and provides interactive data analysis and visualization tools: MIC and S/I/R distribution plots, time-trends and regression plots, associated resistance plots, prevalence maps, statistical significance graphs, and tables.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat to global public health and requires closer attention from the medical community. Antibiotic resistance monitoring systems play a key role in observing the antimicrobial susceptibility changes for rational prescribing antimicrobial therapy. Most current systems use data on a global scale; however, local data evaluation is more important for practical application. Unique AMRcloud online platform (http://amrcloud.net) was developed to process user data on antimicrobial resistance. Structural modules are modified to address the needs of researchers. The application has powerful graphic capabilities, data analysis system with automated interpretation of the antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. Geocoding is performed in a double way, and information exchange of results is adjusted by user. The use of AMRcloud allows researchers to create their own methodology for organizing primary data and their evaluation.

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from different regions of Russia during 2014–2017. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 519 clinical S. pneumoniae isolates from 18 Russian cities. Susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution method (ISO 20776-1:2006). Susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to EUCAST v.9.0 breakpoints. Results. Using EUCAST non-meningeal interpretation criteria, 65.1% of isolates tested were susceptible (S) to penicillin; in addition 28.

Мониторинг антибиотикорезистентности: обзор информационных ресурсов

The options for the use of «Plot By» tab in the web platform AMRmap are reviewed in the article. Description of some functionality is supported by the specific examples, and *Klebsiella pneumoniae* was selected as a study object. The analysis elements are supplemented with the explanations.