Despite the traditional use of Bergia ammannioides Henye ex Roth. (Elatinaceae) for the treatment of wounds in India, there is a scarcity of scientific data supporting this use.The objective of this study is to assess wound-healing potentiality of the plant, to study pharmacological activities that may contribute in eliminating wound complications, and to investigate the biologically active fractions.The ethanolic extract (EtOH) of the aerial parts was fractionated to obtain n-hexane (HxFr), chloroform (ClFr), ethyl acetate (EtFr), and n-butanol (BuOH) fractions. EtOH and its fractions were formulated in strength of 5 and 10% w/w ointment and tested for wound-healing activity using the excision model. The topical anti-inflammatory, in vitro antioxidant, and antibacterial activities were evaluated. HxFr and EtFr were chemically investigated to isolate their constituents.Application of EtOH, HxFr, and EtFr (10% w/w ointments) leads to 71.77, 85.62, and 81.29% healing of the wounds with an increase in the collagen content. HxFr had the strongest anti-inflammatory (64.5% potency relative to Voltaren®) and antibacterial activity (MIC = 104 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus), while EtFr showed the strongest antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS(•+), and super oxide radical with an IC50 value of 10.25 ± 0.01, 66.09 ± 0.76, and 167.33 ± 0.91 µg/ml, respectively. β-Sitosterol, lupeol, cyclolaudenol, and cycloartenol were isolated from HxFr. Quercetin, ellagic acid, kaempferol-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside, and quercetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnoside were isolated from EtFr.Our study presents scientific evidence for the efficacy of B. ammannioides in enhancing wound healing, and the first isolation of cyclolaudenol and cycloartenol from Bergia.

Wheat is considered as the most important cereal grain globally. It has a vast economic importance as it is used in producing bread, pastries, and household flour and serving as food for livestock among other uses. Different biological activities of wheat were correlated with the presence of polyphenols due to their antioxidant activities and other preventative capabilities. Wheat can also be used as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiaging agent. Omics has established itself during the past 20 years as a crucial tool for comprehending the internal systems of various plant systems including wheat using LC–MS, GC–MS, and UV spectrophotometry as analytical techniques. The current review represents in depth search regarding wheat cultivation, botanical description, economic significance, quantitative phytochemical characterization, and biological importance. Additionally, a critical assessment of the cited omics research on wheat was conducted with an emphasis on the analytical instrument, methods of analysis and results interpretation.

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (family Poaceae) is a tropical lemon-scented perennial grass commonly used, fresh or dried, in food and herbal teas. This study revealed that C. citratus different organs are characterized by histological features distinctive to family Poaceae. Characteristic oil cells stained pink with Schiff′s reagent were noticed particularly in the leaf and culm. Scattered closed-type vascular bundles are observed in different organs. Graminaceous stomata and phytolith are restricted to the leaf blade, leaf sheath, and culm. C. citratus leaf is featured by its remarkable epidermal structure formed of long and short cells, bulliform cells, bundle sheath cells, as well, micro- and prickle-hairs that distinguished it from other organs. Sclerenchyma as a mechanical support is observed in all the organs apart from the root. Also, distinguishable non- glandular hairs are detected in the culm, rhizome, and constructs the epiblema structure in the root. The detailed morphological and anatomical study presented here is crucial to discriminate various Cymbopogon species, ensure proper identification of C. citratus (DC.) Stapf, and provide a valuable information for its herbal monograph.