Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, with genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to its onset and recurrence. Severe psoriasis has a great impact on quality of life, which is similar to that of insulin-dependent diabetes, depression, and ischemic heart disease, but with a lower mortality. There is an overlap between the rising incidences of autoimmune diseases and obesity. In recent years, research has shown that there is an association between psoriasis and obesity. Psoriasis is linked to obesity in a two-way manner, as each can precipitate the development of the other. Several adipose tissue-secreted adipokines were shown to be elevated in obese psoriasis patients, exhibiting similar mechanisms of action to those underlying the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Excess body weight can influence not only the treatment response in psoriasis, but also the adverse events, leading to decreased patient compliance. Specific human microbiome patterns have been identified for obesity and psoriasis and could represent a future therapeutic target in selected individuals.

The thymus is a lymphoid organ involved in the differentiation of T cells, and has a central role in the physiopathogenesis of Myasthenia Gravis (MG). This connection is proved by a series of changes in the level of neuromuscular junctions, which leads to a decrease in the amplitude of the action potential in the post-synaptic membrane. Because of this, the presence of anti-cholinergic receptor antibodies (AChR), characteristic of MG, is found, which causes the progressive regression of the effect of acetylcholine at the level of neuromuscular junctions, with the appearance of muscle weakness. The thymectomy is a surgical variant of drug therapy administered to patients with MG. In the case of patients with nonthymomatous MG, thymectomy has become a therapeutic standard, despite the fact that there is no solid scientific evidence to explain its positive effect. Videothoracoscopic surgery or robotic surgery led to a decrease in the length of hospital stay for these patients. This paper aims to synthesize the information presented in the literature in order to create a background for the perspectives of thymectomy.

Background: Autoimmune bullous diseases (ABDs) are a rare but significant group of dermatoses that pose great challenges to the treating dermatologist. ABDs are characterized by the presence of tissue-bound and circulating autoantibodies directed against disease-specific target antigens of the skin. Most epidemiological studies have focused on a single ABD. More than that, there are few data about the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune blistering diseases in Romania. Methods: In this study, between 2015 and 2019, we retrospectively investigated a total of 225 patients with autoimmune bullous diseases from the northeastern region of Romania. The diagnosis was based on the clinical and histo- and immunohistological findings. Results: Pemphigus was the most frequently encountered ABD, with an incidence of 8.16/1,000,000 inhabitants, representing 58.7% (132 cases), followed by 24% cases of bullous pemphigoid (54 cases), 15.4% of patients were diagnosed with dermatitis herpetiformis (37 cases), and 0.9% other subepidermal autoimmune bullous dermatoses. The average age of onset of pemphigus vulgaris was 59.4 years, the majority of patients being male, while the average age of patients diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid was 73.8 years, the majority being female. Conclusions: Pemphigus vulgaris is the most frequently encountered ABDs in the northeast of Romania, with a higher incidence than in Western European countries, and this may be due to specific peculiarities of the geographical area, as well as to a genetic susceptibility of the population in this region.

Background: Cutaneous manifestations are frequent in diabetes mellitus and may reflect systemic vascular injury. Among them, diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica, scleredema diabeticorum, bullosis diabeticorum, and eruptive xanthomas are clinically significant. Aim: To synthesize current evidence on the associative and potential predictive role of diabetic dermopathies as non-invasive indicators of cardiovascular and renal complications. Methods: A narrative review of studies published between 2010 and 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted, focusing on links between specific dermopathies and systemic outcomes. Results: Diabetic dermopathy shows consistent associations with microvascular complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Necrobiosis lipoidica and scleredema correlate with macrovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, whereas eruptive xanthomas indicate severe dyslipidemia and heightened cardiovascular risk. Evidence is predominantly cross-sectional, with limited sample sizes and heterogeneous diagnostic criteria. Conclusions: Diabetic dermopathies represent emerging clinical indicators of systemic vascular and metabolic burden. Their potential prognostic value supports the integration of dermatological assessment into comprehensive diabetes care. However, due to methodological limitations, these findings should be interpreted as associative rather than causal, and prospective studies are warranted to confirm their predictive significance.

Chronic hyperglycemia profoundly impairs skin integrity, with dermatological complications affecting up to half of patients with diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to describe the spectrum, frequency, and clinical characteristics of skin lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus and to evaluate whether specific cutaneous signs are associated with an increased risk of subsequently developing type 2 diabetes. This retrospective observational study evaluated 960 cases admitted to the Dermatology Clinic of “Sf. Spiridon” Emergency County Clinical Hospital, Iași, between 2017 and 2022, complemented by an 11-year longitudinal follow-up (2011–2016). Ulcerative lesions predominated (85.7%), followed by inflammatory manifestations (12.4%), while classical diabetes-specific dermatoses represented 7%) was documented in 94.2% of patients, with the most severe lesions occurring in those with HbA1c > 10%. In the longitudinal analysis, patients who later developed diabetes initially presented significantly higher rates of xerosis, pruritus, and callus compared with the controls. Multivariate logistic regression identified xerosis (OR 4.70) and pruritus (OR 3.41) as independent predictors of future diabetes. These findings suggest that certain dermatological signs may serve as early non-invasive markers of metabolic dysfunction and highlight the importance of routine skin examination in diabetes risk stratification.

Background: Cutaneous manifestations are frequent in diabetes mellitus and may serve as visible indicators of systemic complications. Among them, diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica, scleredema diabeticorum, and bullosis diabeticorum are clinically relevant. Aim: To review current evidence on the prevalence, pathophysiology, and prognostic value of diabetic dermopathies as non-invasive markers of cardiovascular and renal complications. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Studies in English published between 2010 and 2023 were included, focusing on associations between cutaneous manifestations and systemic vascular outcomes. Results: Diabetic dermopathy correlates with microangiopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy [8,16]. Necrobiosis lipoidica and scleredema diabeticorum are linked to macrovascular complications and metabolic syndrome [9,17,18]. Eruptive xanthomas indicate severe dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk [12,19]. Conclusions: Diabetic dermopathies should be recognized as clinical biomarkers of systemic complications. Integration of dermatological assessment into diabetes care can improve early detection of high-risk patients.