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Prof. Michael Getzner
TU Wien

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0 Ecosystem Services
0 Environmental Valuation
0 ecological economics
0 cultural economics
0 benefit-cost analysis

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Environmental Valuation
benefit-cost analysis

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Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The determinants of cultural consumption are rarely explored by means of travel demand (i.e., travel cost) models. In this paper, the empirical results are presented in regard to the frequency of attendance to cultural events as an indicator of cultural sustainability. Approximately 50% of the respondents who participated in a representative household survey in Austria stated that they would participate in cultural events at least once a year. The average frequency of attendance came to about 3 to 4 times a year, depending on the kind of cultural event (e.g., drama/opera performances, museum visits, concerts in schools of music). The estimations support the notion that the distance from the respondent’s residence to the cultural event is negatively correlated with the frequency of attendance. Other determinants include the typical socio-economic characteristics of respondents (e.g., education, income). However, the availability of cultural infrastructure in urban or rural areas, as well as municipal cultural spending, are the main spatial and public finance variables influencing attendance frequency. Based on the econometric estimations of the travel cost model, the economic value of attending a cultural event (consumer surplus) varies from EUR 38 (cinema) to EUR 55 (theater, opera) on average. The results suggest that local and regional cultural infrastructure are significant contributors to cultural sustainability.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner. Spatially Disaggregated Cultural Consumption: Empirical Evidence of Cultural Sustainability from Austria. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10023 .

AMA Style

Michael Getzner. Spatially Disaggregated Cultural Consumption: Empirical Evidence of Cultural Sustainability from Austria. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10023.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner. 2020. "Spatially Disaggregated Cultural Consumption: Empirical Evidence of Cultural Sustainability from Austria." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10023.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2020 in Cultural Trends
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ACS Style

Michael Getzner. Urban and rural preferences for cultural policies and infrastructures. Cultural Trends 2020, 29, 378 -399.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner. Urban and rural preferences for cultural policies and infrastructures. Cultural Trends. 2020; 29 (5):378-399.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner. 2020. "Urban and rural preferences for cultural policies and infrastructures." Cultural Trends 29, no. 5: 378-399.

Review
Published: 12 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Mangrove forests are paramount for sustaining and enhancing ecosystem services benefitting both local and regional communities, and the global environment. Scholars have long studied the values of ecosystem services of mangrove forests. However, the number of recent primary studies monetizing ecosystem services is rather limited. This paper ascertains the values of ecosystem services of 66 primary valuation studies with a total of 250 observations. The results indicate that the range of values is substantially wide. This range cannot be explained sufficiently by the various differences of the studies, as the explanatory power of the econometric estimations is low. Main influential factors on the values of ecosystem services are the elicitation methods, the types of ecosystem services considered, and the conservation status of the respective mangrove forest as Ramsar site. The results stress the significant economic values of ecosystem services of mangrove forests and the importance for conservation management. However, the results also caution against a direct transfer of benefits between sites. The substantial variety of site and country specifics warrants the implementation of separate, original valuation studies.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Muhammad Shariful Islam. Ecosystem Services of Mangrove Forests: Results of a Meta-Analysis of Economic Values. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5830 .

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Muhammad Shariful Islam. Ecosystem Services of Mangrove Forests: Results of a Meta-Analysis of Economic Values. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (16):5830.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Muhammad Shariful Islam. 2020. "Ecosystem Services of Mangrove Forests: Results of a Meta-Analysis of Economic Values." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16: 5830.

Journal article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Ecological Economics
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Insights from behavioral economics have proven to be relevant for designing and analyzing stated preference (SP) studies. In this paper, we propose an empirical strategy in SP research that (1) evaluates what are arguably the key behavioral assumptions, (2) interprets the responses strictly in light of the outcomes of that evaluation, and (3) reports a broader set of potentially relevant results. The approach relies on specific elements of survey design and analysis not required by current guidelines for SP studies. We illustrate its application with data from a SP study on future management schemes for the Austrian federal forests. In the evaluation of assumptions we find that the response scale, the provision of third-party information, the combination of valuation scenarios, and loss aversion all have an effect on stated WTP. We report tests of behavioral assumptions, estimates from several treatment conditions and complementary preference information, including median values and approval rates in referendum questions involving true cost information. The results demonstrate the feasibility of systematic behavioral approaches in applied SP work. Future research should further explore how the key behavioral assumptions are most usefully tested, and which treatment conditions may produce the most relevant and transparent information for decision-makers.

ACS Style

Felix Schläpfer; Michael Getzner. Beyond Current Guidelines: A Proposal for Bringing Behavioral Economics to the Design and Analysis of Stated Preference Surveys. Ecological Economics 2020, 176, 106720 .

AMA Style

Felix Schläpfer, Michael Getzner. Beyond Current Guidelines: A Proposal for Bringing Behavioral Economics to the Design and Analysis of Stated Preference Surveys. Ecological Economics. 2020; 176 ():106720.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felix Schläpfer; Michael Getzner. 2020. "Beyond Current Guidelines: A Proposal for Bringing Behavioral Economics to the Design and Analysis of Stated Preference Surveys." Ecological Economics 176, no. : 106720.

Research article
Published: 30 May 2020 in Post-Communist Economies
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This paper evaluates the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the economic development of Ukrainian regions based on selected indicators (gross regional product, change of gross regional product, share of the industrial (manufacturing) sector, and employment and unemployment rates) in the 2003–2016 period. Employing an exploratory panel time-series approach, the results suggest that there is only a limited impact of FDI on the economic performance of the regions. The small influence of foreign direct investments is, among others, a consequence of political instability, weak governance, the military conflict in the East of the country, and incompleted reforms of the Ukrainian economy. We suggest that it is necessary to focus on targeted programs at both the regional and state levels in order to enhance the existing state of the economy. It is also important to ensure stability and transparency in the legislative processes, tax reforms, and other policy fields to facilitate the attraction of foreign direct investment, the creation of new jobs, and the increase of the income levels of the Ukrainian population.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Serhiy Moroz. Regional development and foreign direct investment in transition countries: a case-study for regions in Ukraine. Post-Communist Economies 2020, 32, 813 -832.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Serhiy Moroz. Regional development and foreign direct investment in transition countries: a case-study for regions in Ukraine. Post-Communist Economies. 2020; 32 (6):813-832.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Serhiy Moroz. 2020. "Regional development and foreign direct investment in transition countries: a case-study for regions in Ukraine." Post-Communist Economies 32, no. 6: 813-832.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2020 in Forests
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The benefits of local recreation in the State-owned forests in Austria (i.e., about 15% of all Austrian forests) are ascertained in this paper. A representative survey of households dealt with their local recreation, perceptions of and disturbances in forests. Total annual benefits of local recreation activities in State-owned forests, such as walking, hiking, cycling and wildlife observation, amount to about EUR 500 per person. Based on the respondents’ valuation of the degree of naturalness and quietude, as well as the options of forest management, the current management increases recreation benefits by EUR 13 per person through increased naturalness, and EUR 1.30 per person and year through increased quietude. Emphasis was placed on the benefits of the current management regime of multifunctional forestry compared to the benefits of a baseline scenario that was drafted specifically for this study, assuming higher levels of lumbering up to the limits allowed by existing nature conservation and forestry laws. The results suggest that forest management has a higher impact on recreational benefits through the naturalness of forests than through reducing artificial noise. A more sustainable forest management could further increase the benefits people derive from both naturalness and lower levels of artificial noise.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Jürgen Meyerhoff. The Benefits of Local Forest Recreation in Austria and Its Dependence on Naturalness and Quietude. Forests 2020, 11, 326 .

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Jürgen Meyerhoff. The Benefits of Local Forest Recreation in Austria and Its Dependence on Naturalness and Quietude. Forests. 2020; 11 (3):326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Jürgen Meyerhoff. 2020. "The Benefits of Local Forest Recreation in Austria and Its Dependence on Naturalness and Quietude." Forests 11, no. 3: 326.

Articles
Published: 11 November 2019 in Landscape Research
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In many regions, the scenic beauty of landscapes, and a high degree of ‘naturalness’, are paramount for tourism. The focus of the paper is on empirical estimates of the benefits of nature conservation programs in regard to different degrees of naturalness in two regions in the Austrian Alps. The results of an on-site survey indicate that most respondents would accept stricter nature conservation policies including restrictions of access to ecologically sensitive areas. The respondents indicated a willingness to pay of at least EUR 1.50 per person a night for improved conservation programs. The results suggest that these tourists not only prefer policies that improve naturalness, they actually expect them. It should be noted that the preferences of tourists differ between regions, as well as socio-economic attributes. The concept of the degree of naturalness may facilitate the transfer of benefits to other regions.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner. Visitors’ preferences for landscape conservation in Alpine environments:Differences across regions, conservation programmes, and socio-economic groups. Landscape Research 2019, 45, 503 -519.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner. Visitors’ preferences for landscape conservation in Alpine environments:Differences across regions, conservation programmes, and socio-economic groups. Landscape Research. 2019; 45 (4):503-519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner. 2019. "Visitors’ preferences for landscape conservation in Alpine environments:Differences across regions, conservation programmes, and socio-economic groups." Landscape Research 45, no. 4: 503-519.

Articles
Published: 11 April 2019 in European Planning Studies
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A substantial area of permanently habitable land in Austria is already sealed to be used for residential, commercial, and infrastructural purposes. Although the annual land consumption used for these purposes has slightly decreased over the last 20 years, it is still at an alarmingly high rate. In 1996, the daily land consumption corresponded to over 30 hectares, while it dropped to about 10 hectares in 2016. In this paper the determinants of land consumption were confirmed within the econometric framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). In the EKC it is assumed that there is an inverted-U shaped connection between the GDP and land consumption. In this conceptual framework, the effectiveness of spatial planning frameworks, such as the Austrian Spatial Development Concept (ÖREK), was tested. The results show that, in Austria, there is a general trend towards a decrease in land consumption. The effectiveness of spatial planning frameworks is, however, not discernible from the general influence of an increase in the GDP. Both the increasing scarcity of land (reflected in the increasing land prices) and the increased efficiency of the use of land (as a result of population density and urbanization), contribute to the reduction of land consumption. This indicates that additional and more effective policy instruments, such as brownfield and inward development, land mobilization strategies, higher land taxes and urban contractual agreements are all urgently needed to reduce land consumption to much lower sustainable levels.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Justin Kadi. Determinants of land consumption in Austria and the effects of spatial planning regulations. European Planning Studies 2019, 28, 1095 -1117.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Justin Kadi. Determinants of land consumption in Austria and the effects of spatial planning regulations. European Planning Studies. 2019; 28 (6):1095-1117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Justin Kadi. 2019. "Determinants of land consumption in Austria and the effects of spatial planning regulations." European Planning Studies 28, no. 6: 1095-1117.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Forests
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The Austrian Federal Forests (ÖBf), the Republic of Austria’s state-owned company, manages 15% of the Austrian forests; about 50% of the land is devoted to nature conservation. This paper presents the results of a representative survey of Austrian households ascertaining the acceptance of, preferences regarding, and willingness to pay for three different management scenarios. One program would increase commercial forestry, while two other programs would significantly enhance biodiversity conservation. The majority of respondents considers it an important task of state-owned forests to enhance biodiversity conservation. The study reveals that the preferences of the respondents are very heterogeneous. For instance, in addition to socio-economic characteristics, the willingness to pay for nature conservation depends on personal experiences and perceptions (e.g., whether respondents feel anxious in forests), political views (e.g., the acceptance of strict legal protection of natural resources), and opinions on forest policy issues (e.g., preferences regarding privatization of public land). The study places special emphasis on the thorough description and presentation of the scenarios to the respondents and is one of the first European studies to elicit opinions on forest policies regarding public land in an environmental valuation framework.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Jürgen Meyerhoff; Felix Schläpfer. Willingness to Pay for Nature Conservation Policies in State-Owned Forests: An Austrian Case Study. Forests 2018, 9, 537 .

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Felix Schläpfer. Willingness to Pay for Nature Conservation Policies in State-Owned Forests: An Austrian Case Study. Forests. 2018; 9 (9):537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Jürgen Meyerhoff; Felix Schläpfer. 2018. "Willingness to Pay for Nature Conservation Policies in State-Owned Forests: An Austrian Case Study." Forests 9, no. 9: 537.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2018 in Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis
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The European Union’s regulation for chemical safety (REACH) addresses the registration, evaluation, assessment, and consequent authorization (or restriction) of chemicals which are potentially harmful for both public health and the environment. The current study aims at ascertaining the costs and benefits of the REACH framework for the Austrian economy under major uncertainties, and draws on a wide range of databases on public and workplace health, chemical accidents in households, and the potential environmental impacts of harmful chemicals.The uncertainties in the REACH system assessments of the effects of chemicals on health lie not only in the insufficiency of scientific evidence but also in the economic evaluation of effects on health, especially in regard to the value of statistical life (VSL), and the economic value of diseases attributed to chemicals.This benefit-cost analysis (BCA) of the REACH system in Austria therefore takes into account these manifold uncertainties by designing a conservative baseline scenario and by varying all determinants in comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Projected over a period of about 30 years, this paper provides evidence that the REACH system most probably leads to net benefits for the Austrian economy (benefit-cost ratio of about 10.6) even though many benefits are still highly uncertain or unknown.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Denise Schulz-Zak. Benefits and Costs of Regulating and Restricting Chemicals: The European Union’s REACH System and Its Effects on the Austrian Economy. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 2018, 9, 462 -495.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Denise Schulz-Zak. Benefits and Costs of Regulating and Restricting Chemicals: The European Union’s REACH System and Its Effects on the Austrian Economy. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis. 2018; 9 (3):462-495.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Denise Schulz-Zak. 2018. "Benefits and Costs of Regulating and Restricting Chemicals: The European Union’s REACH System and Its Effects on the Austrian Economy." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 9, no. 3: 462-495.

Book chapter
Published: 16 May 2018 in National Parks - Management and Conservation
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ACS Style

Grazia Withalm; Michael Getzner. Protected Areas and Regional Development: An Austrian Case Study. National Parks - Management and Conservation 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Grazia Withalm, Michael Getzner. Protected Areas and Regional Development: An Austrian Case Study. National Parks - Management and Conservation. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grazia Withalm; Michael Getzner. 2018. "Protected Areas and Regional Development: An Austrian Case Study." National Parks - Management and Conservation , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2017 in Forest Policy and Economics
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ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Gerlinde Gutheil-Knopp-Kirchwald; Elisabeth Kreimer; Hanns Kirchmeir; Michael Huber. Gravitational natural hazards: Valuing the protective function of Alpine forests. Forest Policy and Economics 2017, 80, 150 -159.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Gerlinde Gutheil-Knopp-Kirchwald, Elisabeth Kreimer, Hanns Kirchmeir, Michael Huber. Gravitational natural hazards: Valuing the protective function of Alpine forests. Forest Policy and Economics. 2017; 80 ():150-159.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Gerlinde Gutheil-Knopp-Kirchwald; Elisabeth Kreimer; Hanns Kirchmeir; Michael Huber. 2017. "Gravitational natural hazards: Valuing the protective function of Alpine forests." Forest Policy and Economics 80, no. : 150-159.

Book
Published: 01 January 2017 in Public or Private Goods?
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ACS Style

Brigitte Unger; Daan Van Der Linde; Michael Getzner. Public or Private Goods? Public or Private Goods? 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Brigitte Unger, Daan Van Der Linde, Michael Getzner. Public or Private Goods? Public or Private Goods?. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brigitte Unger; Daan Van Der Linde; Michael Getzner. 2017. "Public or Private Goods?" Public or Private Goods? , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2016 in Water
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The sustainable financing of marine protected areas is still an important issue on the conservation agenda even in European countries with strong governance and regulatory frameworks. With the example of the Lastovo Archipelago Marine Park in Croatia, this paper discusses options for funding based on visitors’ willingness-to-pay to conserve marine biodiversity. The site is attractive to general tourists coming by ferries and sailors with private boats alike, which is at the same time a challenge and an opportunity for designing an efficient and effective funding scheme. The authors investigate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) of these two groups of visitors for the conservation of characteristic habitats and species based on the visualization of three different scenarios. In the statistical analysis, the authors find a significant WTP that could contribute to the long-term management and financing of the site, taking into account the perceptions and attitudes of the different groups of tourists. All in all, this study provides several conclusions for levying entry fees depending on a segmentation of tourists with respect to their preferences, behavior, socio-economic characteristics, and alternative destinations.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Michael Jungmeier; Matea Špika. Willingness-To-Pay for Improving Marine Biodiversity: A Case Study of Lastovo Archipelago Marine Park (Croatia). Water 2016, 9, 2 .

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Michael Jungmeier, Matea Špika. Willingness-To-Pay for Improving Marine Biodiversity: A Case Study of Lastovo Archipelago Marine Park (Croatia). Water. 2016; 9 (1):2.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Michael Jungmeier; Matea Špika. 2016. "Willingness-To-Pay for Improving Marine Biodiversity: A Case Study of Lastovo Archipelago Marine Park (Croatia)." Water 9, no. 1: 2.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2016 in Sustainability
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In order to value the transformation of landscapes from an economic perspective, survey respondents are usually presented with pictures of various landscapes with the aim to visualize differences in their appearance. The current paper presents a classroom experiment ascertaining differences, and potential advantages and disadvantages, of 2D versus 3D (stereoscopic) presentations of landscape changes. The landscape to be valued was a traditional Alpine pasture in the Austrian Alps as a prominent example of natural and cultural heritage (traditional economy and specific ecology). Two alternative scenarios included, on the one hand, changes in agricultural uses, leading to natural afforestation (reforestation) and decay of existing infrastructure (e.g., hiking trails). On the other hand, significantly extended tourism infrastructure (e.g., new attractions for visitors) was presented. Two groups were presented manipulated pictures (2D/non-stereoscopic), and 3D (stereoscopic) presentations with 3D glasses, respectively. Both groups were then asked for their perception of landscape changes. It turns out that significant differences between the two groups could be detected in terms of the frequency of vacations at Alpine pastures. For instance, respondents in the 3D stereoscopic group stated a significantly higher frequency of trips. However, on the other hand, they did not state a significantly different willingness-to-pay to prevent landscape changes disadvantageous in terms of sustainability. The study results thus suggest that the mode of presentation may affect the valuation of landscape changes depending on the valuation instrument.

ACS Style

Michael Getzner; Barbara Färber; Claudia Yamu. 2D Versus 3D: The Relevance of the Mode of Presentation for the Economic Valuation of an Alpine Landscape. Sustainability 2016, 8, 591 .

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Barbara Färber, Claudia Yamu. 2D Versus 3D: The Relevance of the Mode of Presentation for the Economic Valuation of an Alpine Landscape. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (6):591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Barbara Färber; Claudia Yamu. 2016. "2D Versus 3D: The Relevance of the Mode of Presentation for the Economic Valuation of an Alpine Landscape." Sustainability 8, no. 6: 591.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Ecological Engineering
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The objective of this paper is to estimate the non-market benefits of ecological river restoration and test their transferability across the second largest river basin in Europe. River restoration reduces flood risk and improves water quality, the welfare impacts of which are measured in an identical choice experiment conducted in three Danube river basin countries: Austria, Hungary and Romania. The estimated choice models differ in preference and scale parameters. Distance-decay effects are detected for water quality improvements in Austria and Romania and for a reduction in flood risk in Austria. Public perception of current water quality affects the value people attach to further improvements in water quality levels in all three countries. Controlling for these influencing factors, the estimated non-market benefits of river restoration policy scenarios appear to be transferable between Hungary and Romania, but not between Austria and Hungary and Austria and Romania. Given the role of location specific factors such as differences in population density and degree of urbanization, the use of a generally applicable research design seems a necessary, but insufficient precondition to reduce transfer errors when applying existing estimates of the non-market benefits of river restoration from the international literature to new river restoration contexts

ACS Style

Roy Brouwer; Markus Bliem; Michael Getzner; Sandor Kerekes; Simon Milton; Teodora Palarie; Zsuzsanna Szerényi; Angheluta Vadineanu; Alfred Wagtendonk. Valuation and transferability of the non-market benefits of river restoration in the Danube river basin using a choice experiment. Ecological Engineering 2016, 87, 20 -29.

AMA Style

Roy Brouwer, Markus Bliem, Michael Getzner, Sandor Kerekes, Simon Milton, Teodora Palarie, Zsuzsanna Szerényi, Angheluta Vadineanu, Alfred Wagtendonk. Valuation and transferability of the non-market benefits of river restoration in the Danube river basin using a choice experiment. Ecological Engineering. 2016; 87 ():20-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roy Brouwer; Markus Bliem; Michael Getzner; Sandor Kerekes; Simon Milton; Teodora Palarie; Zsuzsanna Szerényi; Angheluta Vadineanu; Alfred Wagtendonk. 2016. "Valuation and transferability of the non-market benefits of river restoration in the Danube river basin using a choice experiment." Ecological Engineering 87, no. : 20-29.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in Environmental Science & Policy
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Leonhard Plank; Denise Zak; Michael Getzner; Swen Follak; Franz Essl; Stefan Dullinger; Ingrid Kleinbauer; Dietmar Moser; Andreas Gattringer. Benefits and costs of controlling three allergenic alien species under climate change and dispersal scenarios in Central Europe. Environmental Science & Policy 2016, 56, 9 -21.

AMA Style

Leonhard Plank, Denise Zak, Michael Getzner, Swen Follak, Franz Essl, Stefan Dullinger, Ingrid Kleinbauer, Dietmar Moser, Andreas Gattringer. Benefits and costs of controlling three allergenic alien species under climate change and dispersal scenarios in Central Europe. Environmental Science & Policy. 2016; 56 ():9-21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leonhard Plank; Denise Zak; Michael Getzner; Swen Follak; Franz Essl; Stefan Dullinger; Ingrid Kleinbauer; Dietmar Moser; Andreas Gattringer. 2016. "Benefits and costs of controlling three allergenic alien species under climate change and dispersal scenarios in Central Europe." Environmental Science & Policy 56, no. : 9-21.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Land Use Policy
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Michael Getzner; Juraj Švajda. Preferences of tourists with regard to changes of the landscape of the Tatra National Park in Slovakia. Land Use Policy 2015, 48, 107 -119.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner, Juraj Švajda. Preferences of tourists with regard to changes of the landscape of the Tatra National Park in Slovakia. Land Use Policy. 2015; 48 ():107-119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner; Juraj Švajda. 2015. "Preferences of tourists with regard to changes of the landscape of the Tatra National Park in Slovakia." Land Use Policy 48, no. : 107-119.

Journal article
Published: 11 July 2015 in International Advances in Economic Research
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In the aftermath of the 2008 financial and economic crisis, governments developed plans to steer fiscal policies back to a sustainable path. Austria is no exception, since the latest 2012 consolidation package aimed to balance the budget by 2016. For the success of consolidation policies, however, it is of great importance which fiscal policy strategies are pursued. For instance, should the deficit be reduced by reducing expenditure, by increasing revenue, or by a mixed coordinated policy? Empirical evidence from the mid-1990s indicated that Austria’s policy makers followed a path according to the spend-tax hypothesis, deciding on expenditure and then caring about the funding of public tasks. Since 1995, the year of Austria’s accession to the European Union, fiscal policy frameworks have changed (e.g., Maastricht Treaty, Fiscal Pact), and thus budgetary policies might have changed as well. The current paper provides new econometric evidence for a stable spend-tax fiscal policy decision process in Austria for the last 60 years. Therefore, it seems that the importance of reducing expenditure (about 72 % of the total consolidation volume in the current package) accounts for this principal approach in Austrian fiscal policy making. However, left open is whether the envisioned increase in revenues (about 28 % of the total consolidation volume) might be counterproductive for sustainably balancing the budget.

ACS Style

Johann Bröthaler; Michael Getzner. The Tax-Spend Debate and Budgetary Policy in Austria. International Advances in Economic Research 2015, 21, 299 -315.

AMA Style

Johann Bröthaler, Michael Getzner. The Tax-Spend Debate and Budgetary Policy in Austria. International Advances in Economic Research. 2015; 21 (3):299-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johann Bröthaler; Michael Getzner. 2015. "The Tax-Spend Debate and Budgetary Policy in Austria." International Advances in Economic Research 21, no. 3: 299-315.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Poetics
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Michael Getzner. Cultural politics: Exploring determinants of cultural expenditure. Poetics 2015, 49, 60 -75.

AMA Style

Michael Getzner. Cultural politics: Exploring determinants of cultural expenditure. Poetics. 2015; 49 ():60-75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael Getzner. 2015. "Cultural politics: Exploring determinants of cultural expenditure." Poetics 49, no. : 60-75.