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This study investigated the levels of highly toxic pesticides (HTPs) in 6554 vegetable and fruit samples from 31 regions of China, along with the associated risk of dietary exposure for the population between 2014 and 2017. 18 HTPs were detected in 325 (4.96%) samples, and the levels of HTPs in 103 (1.57%) samples were found to be higher than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) of China. The rate of detection of HTPs in six types of vegetables and fruits, in a decreasing order, was found to be as follows: eggplant (8.84%) >grape (5.58%) >tomato (5.43%) >cucumber (5.43%) >pear (3.12%) >apple (2.30%). The level of contamination of HTPs was found to be higher in vegetables compared with fruits. The vegetable and fruit samples with the highest percentages of HTPs exceeding MRLs were found in eggplants from Guangxi (20%) and grapes from Inner Mongolia (12.5%), respectively. Both, the average target hazard quotient (THQ) of a single highly toxic pesticide (HTP) and the average hazard index (HI) of the mixture of HTPs for adults and children from vegetables and fruits from the 31 regions were found to be less than one. Omethoate, carbofuran, ethoprophos, triazophos, and phorate were identified as the major contributors to the average HI for vegetables, and carbofuran, ethoprophos, omethoate, phorate, and phosphamidon were identified as the primary contributors to the average HI for fruits. The results of this study revealed that HTPs in vegetables and fruits did not cause any significant chronic risk of dietary exposure. The detection of HTPs exceeding MRLs in some of the samples implied that appropriate management guidelines for HTPs should be implemented to protect the health of the consumers.
Hui Li; Qiaoying Chang; Ruobin Bai; Xuechong Lv; Tengliang Cao; Shigang Shen; Shuxuan Liang; Guofang Pang. Simultaneous determination and risk assessment of highly toxic pesticides in the market-sold vegetables and fruits in China: A 4-year investigational study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 221, 112428 .
AMA StyleHui Li, Qiaoying Chang, Ruobin Bai, Xuechong Lv, Tengliang Cao, Shigang Shen, Shuxuan Liang, Guofang Pang. Simultaneous determination and risk assessment of highly toxic pesticides in the market-sold vegetables and fruits in China: A 4-year investigational study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 221 ():112428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHui Li; Qiaoying Chang; Ruobin Bai; Xuechong Lv; Tengliang Cao; Shigang Shen; Shuxuan Liang; Guofang Pang. 2021. "Simultaneous determination and risk assessment of highly toxic pesticides in the market-sold vegetables and fruits in China: A 4-year investigational study." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 221, no. : 112428.
氟喹诺酮类抗生素在牛奶中的残留增加了人们的膳食暴露风险,发展其检测技术是食品安全的重要保障。本文以1,3,5-三乙炔苯和2,4,6-三碘苯酚为单体,在30°C的温和条件下通过Sonogashira耦合反应合成了羟基有机网络材料,并对其形貌、结构和疏水性进行了表征。由于π-π、氢键和疏水作用,该材料能够高效保留牛奶基质中的氟喹诺酮类抗生素,将其作为固相萃取(SPE)吸附剂,结合高效液相色谱荧光检测器对管尖SPE条件进行优化,提出了牛奶中的氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星的样品前处理新方法。在0.4-100 μg/kg的浓度范围内,R2≥0.9992,线性关系良好,检出限为0.15-1.2 μg/kg,加标回收率和相对标准偏差分别为89.6-103.5%和1.3-5.9%,适用于牛奶样品中三种氟喹诺酮类抗生素的检测。
Zhe Zhao; Jiayu Zhang; Zhendong Yu; Shuxuan Liang. 羟基有机网络材料用于牛奶中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的检测. SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleZhe Zhao, Jiayu Zhang, Zhendong Yu, Shuxuan Liang. 羟基有机网络材料用于牛奶中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的检测. SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhe Zhao; Jiayu Zhang; Zhendong Yu; Shuxuan Liang. 2021. "羟基有机网络材料用于牛奶中氟喹诺酮类抗生素的检测." SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica , no. : 1.
The presence of xenobiotic compounds especially organic micro-pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) is a major concern worldwide. The occurrence and removal of trace organic pollutants in a MWWTP by a combined analysis using GC-MS with spectral analysis and acute toxicity were studied in this work. Non-target screening and toxicity analysis of organic compounds were conducted to understand the types of toxic and refractory pollutants in municipal wastewater and evaluated the toxicity removal efficiency of MWWTP. The results showed that most of the effects were significantly reduced or completely eliminated during the wastewater treatment process, while some compounds, such as antioxidants, drugs, and organic plasticizers, had detection rates of up to 100% at each site, indicating that these harmful substances remained throughout wastewater treatment process. Based on Pearson correlation analysis, paired correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between UV254, humification index, conventional parameters, and organic acute toxicity, while acute toxicity was negatively correlated with biological index and fluorescence index. The results indicated that the composition of MWWTP had a similar influence law in different locations, and the combination of spectral analysis provided a new insight to qualitatively and quantitatively showed the distribution of organic pollutants in the wastewater treatment system.
Qiong Liu; Zhe Zhao; Hui Li; Ming Su; Shu-Xuan Liang. Occurrence and removal of organic pollutants by a combined analysis using GC-MS with spectral analysis and acute toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2020, 207, 111237 .
AMA StyleQiong Liu, Zhe Zhao, Hui Li, Ming Su, Shu-Xuan Liang. Occurrence and removal of organic pollutants by a combined analysis using GC-MS with spectral analysis and acute toxicity. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2020; 207 ():111237.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiong Liu; Zhe Zhao; Hui Li; Ming Su; Shu-Xuan Liang. 2020. "Occurrence and removal of organic pollutants by a combined analysis using GC-MS with spectral analysis and acute toxicity." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 207, no. : 111237.
The passivation effects of blast furnace slag, fly ash, corncob biochar, and phosphate fertilizer in Pb-contaminated soil was evaluated against the soil pH, available Pb content, Pb fractions, and bioactivity coefficient. Blast furnace slag and fly ash could increase soil pH, while corncob biochar and phosphate fertilizers lowered soil pH. The available Pb content in the blast furnace slag and phosphate fertilizer treatment groups was significantly lower than in other treatments. Also, blast furnace slag and phosphate fertilizer could significantly convert nonresidual Pb into residual Pb. Combined with the environmental impact after application and cost of the material, it is recommended that blast furnace slag can be used as a passivation agent for low-concentration Pb-contaminated soil.
Shu-Xuan Liang; Xiao-Can Xi; Yu-Ru Li. Study of the remediation effects of passivation materials on Pb-contaminated soil. Open Chemistry 2020, 18, 911 -917.
AMA StyleShu-Xuan Liang, Xiao-Can Xi, Yu-Ru Li. Study of the remediation effects of passivation materials on Pb-contaminated soil. Open Chemistry. 2020; 18 (1):911-917.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Xuan Liang; Xiao-Can Xi; Yu-Ru Li. 2020. "Study of the remediation effects of passivation materials on Pb-contaminated soil." Open Chemistry 18, no. 1: 911-917.
The immobilization effect and mechanism of nano-hydroxyapatite(NHAP) on Pb in the ryegrass rhizosphere soil were studied by root-bag experiment. The speciation analysis results revealed that the residual Pb concentrations in the rhizosphere soil significantly increased after NHAP application. The acid-soluble and reducible Pb concentrations significantly decreased, indicating that NHAP had obviously immobilized Pb. Meanwhile, NHAP significantly promoted the secretion of tartaric acid from ryegrass roots, resulting the rhizosphere soil pH had been below that of the control group. This helped to relieve the stress of Pb on ryegrass, also promoted the dissolution of NHAP, resulting the formation of stable precipitation with more Pb ions. NHAP increased the rhizosphere soil pH by 0.03 to 0.17, which promoted the conversion of Pb to non-utilizable bioavailability. The total Pb mass balance indicated only a very small proportion Pb transferred to the shoots through ryegrass roots. The formation of pyromorphite by Pband NHAP in soil was accordingly to interpret the dominant mechanism for Pb immobilization.
Shu-Xuan Liang; Xiaocan Xi; Ling Ding; Qiusheng Chen; Wei Liu. Immobilization Mechanism of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on Lead in the Ryegrass Rhizosphere Soil Under Root Confinement. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2019, 103, 330 -335.
AMA StyleShu-Xuan Liang, Xiaocan Xi, Ling Ding, Qiusheng Chen, Wei Liu. Immobilization Mechanism of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on Lead in the Ryegrass Rhizosphere Soil Under Root Confinement. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2019; 103 (2):330-335.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Xuan Liang; Xiaocan Xi; Ling Ding; Qiusheng Chen; Wei Liu. 2019. "Immobilization Mechanism of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on Lead in the Ryegrass Rhizosphere Soil Under Root Confinement." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 103, no. 2: 330-335.
The presence and risk of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables have been concerned by the general public. Fipronil has been listed as a banned pesticide in China since 2009. However, its residue was still existent. The aim of this study was to investigate the residual level and potential chronic and acute risk of fipronil in marketed fruits and vegetables for adults and children. Sampling was carried out on a nationwide scale in China from 2013 to 2019. A total of 37 kinds of 10551 fruits and 85 kinds of 19966 vegetables were screened by GC-Q-TOF/MS. Based on these data, the diet exposure risks of fipronil through the consumption of fruits and vegetables were assessed. The results showed that there were 0.2% fruits and 0.8% vegetables with fipronil residues. After the risk assessment, the intake of fruits and vegetables did not pose a chronic risk for adults and children. However, 3 kinds of vegetables constituted unacceptable acute risk for both adults and children, and 2 kinds of vegetables posed unacceptable acute risk for children. Among the regions investigated, Tibet and Guangdong posed great acute risk for both general people and children. By the classification, the first category of fruits was the highest risk of litchi, and the first to the forth categories of the vegetables were the vegetables with high risks. The reliable date provided a solid foundation for the further control and management of fipronil residues in fruits and vegetables.
Shu-Xuan Liang; Zhe Zhao; Chun-Lin Fan; Jian-Zhong Xu; Hui Li; Qiao-Ying Chang; Guo-Fang Pang. Fipronil residues and risk assessment of Chinese marketed fruits and vegetables: A long-term investigation over 6 years. Food Control 2019, 106, 106734 .
AMA StyleShu-Xuan Liang, Zhe Zhao, Chun-Lin Fan, Jian-Zhong Xu, Hui Li, Qiao-Ying Chang, Guo-Fang Pang. Fipronil residues and risk assessment of Chinese marketed fruits and vegetables: A long-term investigation over 6 years. Food Control. 2019; 106 ():106734.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Xuan Liang; Zhe Zhao; Chun-Lin Fan; Jian-Zhong Xu; Hui Li; Qiao-Ying Chang; Guo-Fang Pang. 2019. "Fipronil residues and risk assessment of Chinese marketed fruits and vegetables: A long-term investigation over 6 years." Food Control 106, no. : 106734.
Dyeing effluent is a typical refractory wastewater containing toxic pollutants. It is difficult to treat it to meet discharge regulations. The biotoxic effects of pollutants on microorganisms are one of the main constraints on efficient wastewater degradation. The aim of this study was to evaluate biotoxic effects and try to screen toxic substances from dye wastewater. The toxic effects of wastewaters collected at different treatment stages from a wastewater treatment plant in a dye industrial park were determined using bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67). Toxic substances from both influent and effluents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients indicated significant positive correlations between the toxicity values, and chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH3-N, and total nitrogen (TN). After identifying the toxic levels, phenol, pyridine, and esters were confirmed as the principal organic pollutants in dye wastewater, and increase its toxicity.
Jie Chen; Xiaoling Jin; Chunxia Zhao; Zhe Qin; Jingfei Wang; Shu-Xuan Liang. Biotoxicity and by-product identification of dye wastewaters. Water Practice and Technology 2019, 14, 449 -456.
AMA StyleJie Chen, Xiaoling Jin, Chunxia Zhao, Zhe Qin, Jingfei Wang, Shu-Xuan Liang. Biotoxicity and by-product identification of dye wastewaters. Water Practice and Technology. 2019; 14 (2):449-456.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Chen; Xiaoling Jin; Chunxia Zhao; Zhe Qin; Jingfei Wang; Shu-Xuan Liang. 2019. "Biotoxicity and by-product identification of dye wastewaters." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 2: 449-456.
The germination and growth of seedlings are not only essential stages in plant growth but also indicator of environmental stress. Evaluation of seed germination and early seedling in order to improve the understanding of influential processes of exogenic substances. This study aimed to reveal the possible toxicity of antimony (Sb) using Raphanus sativus L. Radish (radish) and Brassica napus L. (rape) seeds as the experimental materials. With Sb concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 mg/L, the seed germination and seedlings growth were investigated by calculating the germination rate, germinative energy, germination index, vitality index and root elongation. The results indicated that Sb exhibited different levels of toxicity to different plants. The low concentration of Sb increased the germination rate and germination index of rape seeds, whereas high concentrations of Sb sharply decreased the germination rate and germination index when the Sb was greater than 10 mg/L. The radish seeds remained almost constant. The germinative energy of both seeds exhibited the same change. In addition, the root elongation was more sensitive to the antimony pollution than the germination rate was. The vitality index decayed exponentially as the Sb concentration increased for both species of seed. These results have significant ecological meaning in assessing the toxicity of Sb.
Shu-Xuan Liang; Ning Gao; Xiliang Li; Xiaocan Xi. Toxic effects of antimony on the seed germination and seedlings accumulation in Raphanus sativus L. radish and Brassica napus L. Molecular Biology Reports 2018, 45, 2609 -2614.
AMA StyleShu-Xuan Liang, Ning Gao, Xiliang Li, Xiaocan Xi. Toxic effects of antimony on the seed germination and seedlings accumulation in Raphanus sativus L. radish and Brassica napus L. Molecular Biology Reports. 2018; 45 (6):2609-2614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Xuan Liang; Ning Gao; Xiliang Li; Xiaocan Xi. 2018. "Toxic effects of antimony on the seed germination and seedlings accumulation in Raphanus sativus L. radish and Brassica napus L." Molecular Biology Reports 45, no. 6: 2609-2614.
Lead (Pb) is one of the most abundant metal soil pollutants. In this research, effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHAP) on remediation of Pb-contaminated soil were evaluated by the measure of extractable Pb using toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and soil enzyme activities. Results suggested NHAP significantly decreased the concentrations of extractable Pb, achieving the maximum decrement rate of 75.71%. Activity of urease decreased with increasing Pb concentrations. Moreover, activities of alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and catalase increased at the lower Pb levels and decreased at the higher Pb levels. NHAP had a positive effect on regulating soil enzymes. Thus, soil enzyme activities, especially dehydrogenase, could be used as biological indicators of Pb pollution and NHAP remediation. Moreover, NHAP could reduce the mobility and bioavailability of Pb, while increasing enzyme activities, thereby lowering the leaching risk and biotoxicity of Pb.
Shu-Xuan Liang; Ling Ding; Shigang Shen; Wei Liu; Jianbing Li; Xiaocan Xi. Assessment of the Remediation Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite in Exogenous Pb-contaminated Soil Using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Soil Enzyme Activities. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2018, 101, 250 -256.
AMA StyleShu-Xuan Liang, Ling Ding, Shigang Shen, Wei Liu, Jianbing Li, Xiaocan Xi. Assessment of the Remediation Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite in Exogenous Pb-contaminated Soil Using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Soil Enzyme Activities. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2018; 101 (2):250-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Xuan Liang; Ling Ding; Shigang Shen; Wei Liu; Jianbing Li; Xiaocan Xi. 2018. "Assessment of the Remediation Effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite in Exogenous Pb-contaminated Soil Using Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and Soil Enzyme Activities." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 101, no. 2: 250-256.
Organic matter (OM) fractions and their removal potentials in various stages of anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2/O) process were identified and evaluated. Molecular weight (MW) distribution of organic matter by continuous filtration method was used to characterize OM in influent and treated effluent. The results showed the MW of each reaction pool distributed in a U shape and ranged with particle size >0.45 μm and molecular weight 0.45 μm, 10–30, 5–10, and <1 k was well removed while organic matter in the MW range of 30–100 and 1–3 k was used at a low rate during A2/O treatment. Denitrification required an external carbon source in 30 mg/L (calculated as methanol) for ensuring efficient process operation. Experimental approaches in this study can be applied to evaluate and diagnose the function of water treatment process.
Xiaoling Jin; Zhongqing Zhao; Zhe Qin; Da Lu; Shu-Xuan Liang. Distribution and degradation of organic matter with different molecular weight in an A2/O treatment system. Applied Water Science 2017, 7, 3497 -3502.
AMA StyleXiaoling Jin, Zhongqing Zhao, Zhe Qin, Da Lu, Shu-Xuan Liang. Distribution and degradation of organic matter with different molecular weight in an A2/O treatment system. Applied Water Science. 2017; 7 (7):3497-3502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoling Jin; Zhongqing Zhao; Zhe Qin; Da Lu; Shu-Xuan Liang. 2017. "Distribution and degradation of organic matter with different molecular weight in an A2/O treatment system." Applied Water Science 7, no. 7: 3497-3502.
Lead is recognized as one of the most widespread toxic metal contaminants and pervasive environmental health concerns in the environment. In this paper, the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHAP) on remediation in artificially Pb-contaminated soils and ryegrass were studied in a pot experiment. The addition of NHAP decreased the water- and acid-soluble, exchangeable, and reducible fractions of Pb, extracted using the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) method, whilst greatly increasing the residual fraction of Pb. Oxidizable Pb was increased slightly. No significant increase in soil pH was caused by the application of NHAP. Compared to conditions without NHAP, the addition of NHAP decreased the Pb content in ryegrass shoots and roots by 13.19–20.3% and 2.86–21.1%, respectively. Therefore, the application of NHAP reduced the mobility and bioavailability of Pb in the soil. In addition, the application of NHAP improved the fresh weight of shoots and roots, and promoted the growth of ryegrass. NHAP played a positive role in stimulating ryegrass to secrete tartaric acid.
Ling Ding; Jianbing Li; Wei Liu; Qingqing Zuo; Shu-Xuan Liang. Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 532 .
AMA StyleLing Ding, Jianbing Li, Wei Liu, Qingqing Zuo, Shu-Xuan Liang. Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (5):532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLing Ding; Jianbing Li; Wei Liu; Qingqing Zuo; Shu-Xuan Liang. 2017. "Influence of Nano-Hydroxyapatite on the Metal Bioavailability, Plant Metal Accumulation and Root Exudates of Ryegrass for Phytoremediation in Lead-Polluted Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 5: 532.
The effect of the combined application of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHAP) or nano-carbon black (NCB) on the phytoextraction of Pb by ryegrass was investigated as an enhanced remediation technique for soils by field-scale experiment. After the addition of 0.2% NHAP or NCB to the soil, temporal variation of the uptake of Pb in aboveground parts and roots were observed. Ryegrass shoot concentrations of Pb were lower with nano-materials application than without nano-materials for the first month. However, the shoot concentrations of Pb were significantly increased with nano-materials application, in particular NHAP groups. The ryegrass root concentrations of Pb were lower with nano-materials application for the first month. These results indicated that nano-materials had significant effects on stabilization of lead, especially at the beginning of the experiment. Along with the experimental proceeding, phytotoxicity was alleviated after the incorporation of nano-materials. The ryegrass biomass was significantly higher with nano-materials application. Consequently, the Pb phytoextraction potential of ryegrass significantly increased with nano-materials application compared to the gounps without nano-materials application. The total removal rates of soil Pb were higher after combined application of NHAP than NCB. NHAP is more suitable than NCB for in-situ remediation of Pb-contaminated soils. The ryegrass translocation factor exhibited a marked increase with time. It was thought that the major role of NHP and NBA might be to alleviate the Pb phytotoxicity and increase biomass of plants.
Shu-Xuan Liang; Yu Jin; Wei Liu; Xiliang Li; Shi-Gang Shen; Ling Ding. Feasibility of Pb phytoextraction using nano-materials assisted ryegrass: Results of a one-year field-scale experiment. Journal of Environmental Management 2017, 190, 170 -175.
AMA StyleShu-Xuan Liang, Yu Jin, Wei Liu, Xiliang Li, Shi-Gang Shen, Ling Ding. Feasibility of Pb phytoextraction using nano-materials assisted ryegrass: Results of a one-year field-scale experiment. Journal of Environmental Management. 2017; 190 ():170-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Xuan Liang; Yu Jin; Wei Liu; Xiliang Li; Shi-Gang Shen; Ling Ding. 2017. "Feasibility of Pb phytoextraction using nano-materials assisted ryegrass: Results of a one-year field-scale experiment." Journal of Environmental Management 190, no. : 170-175.
The aim of this work was to select organic aids with most obvious activation to Pb, Zn and Cd compound in contaminated soil in order to assist phytoremediation. Five kinds of low-molecular organic acid were used to leach the soils, and then heavy metal contents in the filtrate were measured. The effect of organic acids was evaluated in mobilization of heavy metals and their impacts on soil pH were discussed. With increasing concentrations of organic acids, the activation effect increased while soil pH had negative correlation. Citric acid had the most obvious activation compared with the other four organic acids. The maximum extraction rate of Cd, Zn of citric acid was shown at concentration of 50 mmol·kg-1, and that of Pb was at 40 mmol·kg-1. The extraction rates were 7.36%, 28.79%, 0.56%, respectively. The activation effects of heavy metals in soil were Zn>Cd>Pb.
Ling Ding; Shi-Gang Shen; Shu-Xuan Liang; Li-Yuan Shan; Dan-Dan Xu. Effect of Different Organic Acids for Heavy Metal Extraction from Pb, Zn and Cd Contaminated Soil. DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleLing Ding, Shi-Gang Shen, Shu-Xuan Liang, Li-Yuan Shan, Dan-Dan Xu. Effect of Different Organic Acids for Heavy Metal Extraction from Pb, Zn and Cd Contaminated Soil. DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences. 2017; (edep):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLing Ding; Shi-Gang Shen; Shu-Xuan Liang; Li-Yuan Shan; Dan-Dan Xu. 2017. "Effect of Different Organic Acids for Heavy Metal Extraction from Pb, Zn and Cd Contaminated Soil." DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences , no. edep: 1.
The toxicity of water-receiving bodies, the effluent and other treatment stages in wastewater treatment plants has recently been of interest to the public due to the lack of a regulated toxicity-based index for wastewater discharge in China. This study aimed to evaluate the conventional pollution parameters and toxicities of wastewaters collected at different treatment stages from a pharmaceutical industrial park wastewater treatment plant through dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and bioluminescent bacteria (Vibrio qinghaiensis) tests. The results of an analysis of conventional parameters indicated that the total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3N), and total phosphorus (TP) were largely removed after various treatments. However, the TN, NH3N and COD still exceeded the regulated standards. The tested pharmaceutical park effluents were mainly polluted with organic pollutants and nitrogenous. The toxicity test results indicated that the toxicities could be markedly reduced after treatment, with the toxicities of two out of the six effluent samples at different treatment stages being greater than the influent toxicity. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients indicated a significantly positive correlation between the toxicity values obtained using the DHA and Vibrio qinghaiensis tests. Compared with the DHA measurement, the Vibrio qinghaiensis test was faster and more sensitive. Meanwhile, the toxicity indicators were significantly and positively correlated with the TSS, TN, TP and COD concentrations. These results may aid the understanding of the toxicity of pharmaceutical industrial park wastewaters and toxicity removal using the treatment techniques that are currently utilized in China.
Ke Ma; Zhe Qin; Zhongqing Zhao; Chunxia Zhao; Shuxuan Liang. Toxicity evaluation of wastewater collected at different treatment stages from a pharmaceutical industrial park wastewater treatment plant. Chemosphere 2016, 158, 163 -170.
AMA StyleKe Ma, Zhe Qin, Zhongqing Zhao, Chunxia Zhao, Shuxuan Liang. Toxicity evaluation of wastewater collected at different treatment stages from a pharmaceutical industrial park wastewater treatment plant. Chemosphere. 2016; 158 ():163-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKe Ma; Zhe Qin; Zhongqing Zhao; Chunxia Zhao; Shuxuan Liang. 2016. "Toxicity evaluation of wastewater collected at different treatment stages from a pharmaceutical industrial park wastewater treatment plant." Chemosphere 158, no. : 163-170.
The accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soils is potentially hazardous to human, livestock and plant species. HMs in the combined pollution soils and indigenous plants were investigated in a non-ferrous metal-smelting area. The purpose of this study was to determine the HMs in the contaminated soil and different plant species found growing on it, as well as calculation of bioaccumulation coefficients (BACs). Representative sampling sites were identified according to the land-use types. A total of 12 surface soil samples and 32 plant samples were collected. HMs were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The levels of soil pollution were assessed using Nemerow’s synthetical contamination index method. The synthetical index was in the range of 16.81–198.11. This result indicated a heavy burden on local environment. HM concentrations in plants were directly related with soil concentrations. The average BACs of five metals were found in the order of Cd (0.309) > Zn (0.178) ≈ Pb (0.160) > Cu (0.105) > Sb (0.0672). Spontaneous weeds including Chenopodium album Linn, Kochia scoparia and trees of Leuce, Ulmus pumila were deemed HM accumulators. The results provided a practical basis for phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soils using accumulator species.
Shu-Xuan Liang; Ning Gao; Zhan-Chen Li; Shi-Gang Shen; Jianbing Li. Investigation of correlativity between heavy metals concentration in indigenous plants and combined pollution soils. Chemistry and Ecology 2016, 32, 872 -883.
AMA StyleShu-Xuan Liang, Ning Gao, Zhan-Chen Li, Shi-Gang Shen, Jianbing Li. Investigation of correlativity between heavy metals concentration in indigenous plants and combined pollution soils. Chemistry and Ecology. 2016; 32 (9):872-883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu-Xuan Liang; Ning Gao; Zhan-Chen Li; Shi-Gang Shen; Jianbing Li. 2016. "Investigation of correlativity between heavy metals concentration in indigenous plants and combined pollution soils." Chemistry and Ecology 32, no. 9: 872-883.
Lead (Pb) is one of the ubiquitous soil contaminants. The strategy to increase Pb phytoremediation is of highly critical considering the difficulty in phytoextraction of Pb due to its low solubility and high retention on soil particles. The effects of application nano hydroxyapatite (NHAP) on Pb phytoextraction by ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) were evaluated. Ninety pots of Pb-contaminated soil with different Pb concentrations (0–800 mg/kg) were seeded with ryegrass. The effects of NHAP on biomass and Pb uptake were examined. The results indicated that the application of 5 g/kg NHAP to Pb-contaminated soils significantly increased the ryegrass biomass. The removal rates of Pb from the soil by ryegrass were enhanced obviously after NHAP addition. These results suggested that NHAP was suitable for application to in-situ Pb-contaminated soils for remediation. The observation in this study provides useful information about the effects of NHAP on lead removal, which plays an important role in the phytoremediation.
Yu Jin; Wei Liu; Xi-Liang Li; Shi-Gang Shen; Shu-Xuan Liang; Cunqi Liu; Liyuan Shan. Nano-hydroxyapatite immobilized lead and enhanced plant growth of ryegrass in a contaminated soil. Ecological Engineering 2016, 95, 25 -29.
AMA StyleYu Jin, Wei Liu, Xi-Liang Li, Shi-Gang Shen, Shu-Xuan Liang, Cunqi Liu, Liyuan Shan. Nano-hydroxyapatite immobilized lead and enhanced plant growth of ryegrass in a contaminated soil. Ecological Engineering. 2016; 95 ():25-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu Jin; Wei Liu; Xi-Liang Li; Shi-Gang Shen; Shu-Xuan Liang; Cunqi Liu; Liyuan Shan. 2016. "Nano-hydroxyapatite immobilized lead and enhanced plant growth of ryegrass in a contaminated soil." Ecological Engineering 95, no. : 25-29.
The wastewater generated in pharmaceutical process generally contains residual organic solvents (ROSs) which will cause the toxicity and inhibition of the micro-organisms in treating wastewater, thus affecting the treatment effect of wastewater. The aim of this study was to establish a system for the analysis and evaluation of microtoxicity and biodegradability of ROSs in pharmaceutical wastewater. The quantitative structure activity relationship models were used to predict the toxicity and biodegradability; meanwhile, the biological toxicity was tested by the method of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) as well as luminescent bacteria and biodegradability was measured by shaking experiment. The proposed system was applied to predict and evaluate toxicity and biodegradability of toluene, acetone, isopropanol and dichloromethane in pharmaceutical wastewater. The results showed that the actual measured values fitted well with the calculated values. The microtoxicity of toluene was the highest and the degradation was more difficult. Dichloromethane toxicity was the second highest after toluene and more easily degradable. Acetone and isopropanol were less toxic and had easy degradation. The fact indicated the system was reliable and easy to operate which could be extended to the screening and identification of highly toxic and difficult degradation components in industrial wastewater.
Zhongqing Zhao; Siyuan Cheng; Zhe Qin; Ke Ma; Xiaoling Jin; Shu-Xuan Liang. Evaluation of microtoxicity and biodegradability of residual organic solvents in pharmaceutical wastewater by combined prediction-test system. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 2016, 57, 28187 -28194.
AMA StyleZhongqing Zhao, Siyuan Cheng, Zhe Qin, Ke Ma, Xiaoling Jin, Shu-Xuan Liang. Evaluation of microtoxicity and biodegradability of residual organic solvents in pharmaceutical wastewater by combined prediction-test system. DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT. 2016; 57 (58):28187-28194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhongqing Zhao; Siyuan Cheng; Zhe Qin; Ke Ma; Xiaoling Jin; Shu-Xuan Liang. 2016. "Evaluation of microtoxicity and biodegradability of residual organic solvents in pharmaceutical wastewater by combined prediction-test system." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 57, no. 58: 28187-28194.
A novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method was developed for the first time for the determination of herbicide atrazine (ATR) and its principal metabolites namely desisopropylatrazine (DIA), desethylatrazine (DEA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA) in cereals. A novel ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) method was developed for the first time for the determination of herbicide atrazine (ATR) and its principal metabolites namely desisopropylatrazine (DIA), desethylatrazine (DEA) and hydroxyatrazine (HA) in cereals. The limit of detection ranged from 0.06 μg kg −1 (DEA) to 0.25 μg kg −1 (HA). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the four analytes were 5.5–9.3% and 8.7–17.1% for cereal grain samples, respectively. Recoveries for the four targets at three spiked levels ranged from 71.9 to 106% with RSD of 3.1–8.1% for the cereals. The content of the analytes in cereals was determined as follows: 0.6–3.0 μg kg −1 for ATR and 0.6–1.6 μg kg −1 for DEA, while DIA and HA were not detected. The proposed method can ensure a rapid and highly sensitive analysis of atrazine and its degradation products in cereals, and can provide a direction for proper application of atrazine and a base for evaluating their hazards to food safety.
Shuxuan Liang; Xinfeng Dong; Ming Su; Hanwen Sun. Analysis of herbicide atrazine and its degradation products in cereals by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods 2016, 8, 3599 -3604.
AMA StyleShuxuan Liang, Xinfeng Dong, Ming Su, Hanwen Sun. Analysis of herbicide atrazine and its degradation products in cereals by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analytical Methods. 2016; 8 (17):3599-3604.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuxuan Liang; Xinfeng Dong; Ming Su; Hanwen Sun. 2016. "Analysis of herbicide atrazine and its degradation products in cereals by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 8, no. 17: 3599-3604.
Zhe Qin; Shan Liu; Shu-Xuan Liang; Quanying Kang; Jingfei Wang; Chunxia Zhao. Advanced treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater with combined micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation, and coagulation sedimentation method. Desalination and Water Treatment 2016, 57, 25369 -25378.
AMA StyleZhe Qin, Shan Liu, Shu-Xuan Liang, Quanying Kang, Jingfei Wang, Chunxia Zhao. Advanced treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater with combined micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation, and coagulation sedimentation method. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2016; 57 (53):25369-25378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhe Qin; Shan Liu; Shu-Xuan Liang; Quanying Kang; Jingfei Wang; Chunxia Zhao. 2016. "Advanced treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater with combined micro-electrolysis, Fenton oxidation, and coagulation sedimentation method." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 53: 25369-25378.
A new fluorescent probe of lomefloxacin–europium(iii) was developed and applied to indicate soil pollution by quantification of metallothioneins in earthworm.
Meng-Jiao Geng; Shu-Xuan Liang; Wei Liu; Yu Jin. Quantification of metallothioneins in the earthworm by lomefloxacin–europium(iii) fluorescent probe. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 2014, 16, 1923 -1929.
AMA StyleMeng-Jiao Geng, Shu-Xuan Liang, Wei Liu, Yu Jin. Quantification of metallothioneins in the earthworm by lomefloxacin–europium(iii) fluorescent probe. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 2014; 16 (8):1923-1929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng-Jiao Geng; Shu-Xuan Liang; Wei Liu; Yu Jin. 2014. "Quantification of metallothioneins in the earthworm by lomefloxacin–europium(iii) fluorescent probe." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 16, no. 8: 1923-1929.