Exogenous grit adherent to the surface of food items and food fracture properties have each been considered important factors contributing to pattern and degree of tooth wear in mammals. However, the interactions between these two factors in generating distinctive microwear textures have remained understudied. Here the authors revisit in‐vitro results from simulated chewing to explore how adherent grit and physical properties of foods act together to create dental microwear textures on occlusal enamel surfaces. Results suggest that the effect of exogenous grit on microwear texture is dependent on the material properties foods to which they adhere. Grit in the absence of food causes more complex microwear surface textures than foods covered with similar levels and types of grit (for a given number of chews and angle of approach between opposing teeth). Different foods covered in grit also yield different complexity values. Grit‐laden, pliant meat, for example, results in a less complex texture than does resistant, grit‐laden raw carrot. This work implied that tooth wear assessment can benefit from considering grit load and food material properties together.

The assembled camshaft has obvious advantages in material optimization and flexible manufacturing. As the most important surface modification technique, the heat treatment process is utilized in this work to promote the desired compressive residual stress on the near-surface of the 100Cr6 steel assembled cam. The Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation and Koistinen-Marbuger law are integrated into the ABAQUS software via user subroutines to simulate the evolution of diffusional transformation and diffusionless transformation, respectively. The linear mixture law is used for describing the coupled thermomechanical and metallurgical behaviors in the quenching of steel cam. The influences of various quenchants and the probable maximum phase volume fractions on surface residual stress or hardness are analyzed. Results show that a greater amount of martensite volume fraction and a slower martensitic transformation rate are beneficial for the compressive stress retention. Compared with the conventional quenching oil, the fast oil quenched cam surface has higher final compressive stress and hardness.

Precipitates are closely related to ductile damage and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in magnesium alloys. Using molecular dynamics simulation and the embedded atomic method, the competition between damage and DRX stimulated by the precipitate of magnesium alloys is investigated. The effects of precipitate distribution and dimensions on the void nucleation, dislocation emission, void growth, and DRX of magnesium alloys are quantitatively discussed. It is found that compared to the system with a pre-existing void, the system with a single precipitate has two extra stages during damage evolution, namely atomic disorder and void nucleation, and its strength is clearly better. Void growth is attributed to the dislocation emission from void tips. Keeping the same volume fraction and varying the dimensions and spacings of the precipitates, the results show that the refinement and densification can increase the deformation compatibility of the system, hindering void nucleation and elevating the toughness. This can be attributed to the reduction in stress concentration and the prevalence of the particle-stimulated DRX.