A novel Schiff base fluorescence probe (HL) was synthesized by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and an 8-aminoquinoline derivative. This probe acts as a “turn-on” dual selectivity fluorescence probe for Zn²⁺ and Al³⁺ ions, providing different colors and detection limits (DL) of 11.5 and 23.5 nM, respectively. Moreover, when Zn²⁺ and Al³⁺ co-exist, HL exhibits a preference for Al³⁺ by displacing Zn²⁺ from the HL-Zn²⁺ complex, realizing a dual-channel signal output for Al³⁺. The HL-Al³⁺ system could further discern F⁻ by a “turn-off” fluorescence response with a DL of 86.0 nM. Furthermore, the probe HL was capable of monitoring intracellular Al³⁺, Zn²⁺ and F⁻ in living PC12 cells in vitro through fluorescence imaging, which proved its value in potential in vivo applications.