Lignin functions as an essential polymer in plants that forms the plant body's structural framework. The natural glue holds the cellulosic fibers together in the plant body, thereby providing rigidity and strength. Despite this, lignin shows promising relevance for biomaterial production due to its abundance, nontoxic nature and biodegradability. Considerably, adhesive components were derived from petroleum, which is increasingly more expensive. Hence, lignin, the natural glue in plant materials, gained much popularity because of its phenolic nature, making it an attractive substitute for adhesives. Lignin‐based binders are produced through phenols substitution in phenol‐formaldehyde resins with lignin due to their similar structural framework. Many researchers have confirmed the multifunctional applications of lignin, such as wood adhesive in fiber board, plywood and particleboard, a binder in printed wiring boards, abrasive tools, epoxy asphalts, epoxy wood composites, 3D printing, adhesive hydrogels, soil suppressants, lignocellulosic paper and coatings. This review presents a comprehensive description of the utilization of lignin‐based binders for different applications. The present work highlights the discussion on the various methods by which lignin can be used to replace synthetic binders. This review focuses on global research work introducing lignin in different chemical adhesives for a more cost‐effective and less harmful alternative.

The conventional X-ray radiation shielding materials are based on the concept of high density and macro/micro-sized particles. In recent years, new carbon composites containing CNT and Graphene played a significant role as radiation shielding materials. The present review highlights the potential of these emerging graphene and CNT-based carbon composites as radiation shielding materials for ionizing radiation, namely X-rays and Gamma rays. The unique structural beauties of these materials are effectively used for developing advanced radiation shielding materials. The multi-phases, multicomponent composites with high interfaces showed greater effectiveness in shielding ionization radiation. This review article endows a pervasive overview of shielding potential against ionizing radiation by graphene and CNT-based composites. We have dedicated a separate section to studying the unique structural features of Graphene and CNT. Additionally, we summarize the conclusion for developing these CNT and graphene-based materials with a future outlook. The review will open a broader horizon for researchers to approach more modified processing by simultaneously and synergistically chemical reactions. Highly effective outcome results have confirmed an increased efficiency of X-ray shielding of graphene sheet added PVDF polymer-based nanocomposites. We believe this review article renders a significant opening for researchers, providing an overview of synthesis methods of various radiation shielding materials using CNT and graphene. Graphical Abstract