This study investigated the usefulness of oxygen nanobubble water (O₂NBW) for wound repair by analyzing its effect on wound-healing process in human lung fibroblasts (WI-38 cells). The WI-38 cells were treated with 0%, 50%, and 100% O₂NBW. The cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and wound healing following treatment were determined to elucidate the effects of O₂NBW. Our findings revealed that O₂NBW had no cytotoxic effects on WI-38 cells, but instead increased cell numbers. The production of ROS was inhibited in the presence of O₂NBW. Further, O₂NBW induced migration and wound closure in WI-38 cells. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and wound-healing-related genes were evaluated. The results demonstrated that O₂NBW enhanced the expression levels of all representative genes. In conclusion, our findings suggest that O₂NBW could affect ROS production and wound healing in WI-38 cells and genes associated with the antioxidant system and wound healing.

The various clinical approaches for treating allergy-related diseases have shown modest progress in low side effects and improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, finding alternative anti-allergic agents is crucial. The present study explored the anti-allergic effects of amber extract (fossilized tree resin) in RBL-2H3 mast cells stimulated with different allergens. In order to support the information on the inflammatory effect of the amber extract, NO production analysis on RAW 264.7 cells was conducted. β-Hexosaminidase release, an indicator of the efficacy of the amber extract in preventing mast cell activation and degranulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the effect of the amber extract on key cytokines production on RBL-2H3 cells, was evaluated. The results demonstrated that amber extract at concentrations up to 50 μg/mL had no cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 and RBL-2H3 cells. Amber extract inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with amber extract significantly suppressed the release of β-hexosaminidase, especially at 50 μg/mL. Furthermore, amber extract suppressed the significantly increased ROS levels induced by allergen stimulation and allergy-associated cytokines. The results also suggested that amber extract exerts anti-allergic inflammatory effects by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, resulting in decreased cytokines production. Thus, the amber extract is a promising anti-allergic agent.

Endophytic fungi produce a wide array of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and immunosuppressive effects. The increasing prevalence of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus pumilus, and Staphylococcus aureus, highlights the urgent need for novel antibacterial agents. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of ammonium sulfate for the isolation of endophytic fungus KT31 from Kappaphycus alvarezii based on its antibacterial activity. Fungal proteins were extracted using ammonium sulfate precipitation at varying saturation levels and subsequently tested for antibacterial activity against a panel of seven pathogenic bacterial strains. Crude protein extracts demonstrating promising activity were further purified using gel filtration chromatography with Sephadex G-50, followed by molecular weight determination usingDS-PAGE and protein quantification using a Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) assay. The highest antibacterial activity was observed in the protein fraction precipitated at 80% ammonium sulfate saturation, exhibiting inhibition zones of up to 14 mm against E. coli and B. pumilus. A notable inhibition zone of 12 mm was observed for the most active chromatographic fraction. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the active protein had an estimated molecular weight of 11.27 kDa. These findings suggest that endophytic fungi, particularly the isolate KT31, represent a promising source of novel antibacterial peptides, warranting further investigation for therapeutic applications.

The Flores Sea is a crucial component of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) pathway, which influences the transport of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients that support marine ecosystems. Here, we present the first dataset of microbial communities from the Flores Sea, Indonesia, generated using shotgun metagenomic sequencing of water column samples. Taxonomic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria (86%) was the most abundant phylum. In the dataset, the most abundant taxa identified through metagenomic analysis demonstrated Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica, Chromohalobacter salexigens, Marinobacter nauticus, Halopseudomonas aestusnigri, Pseudomonas mendocina, Flavobacterium beibuense, and Flavobacterium rakeshii, respectively. Functional annotation indicated that metabolism was major functional category in the microbial community. This metagenomic dataset provides valuable baseline information on microbial communities that may support future ocean monitoring and conservation strategies in the Flores Sea.

The environmental microbiome plays an important role in various ecosystems around the world, influencing nutrient cycling, disease dynamics and ecosystem stability. This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the current state and future directions of environmental microbiome research from a global perspective from 2009–2024. Through systematic examination of Scopus publications, 2154 documents were found. The results show a significant increase in the number of publications since 2017 and a peak in 2024. The most cited document was "The hidden world within plants: Ecological and evolutionary considerations for defining functioning of microbial endophytes" with 1887 citations and “Structure and function of the global ocean microbiome” with 1843 citations. The most productive countries in environmental microbiome research are the United States (n = 748), China (n = 533), India (n = 308), Germany (n = 172) and the United Kingdom (n = 157). Microbiome, microbial community, microfolora, microbiota, microbiology, bacteria, and bacterium are the most popular topics that will continue to develop in the future. Although the United States has published the highest total number of papers, more recent studies have predominantly been published from China, indicating shift in the centre of study from the United States to China. Insights gained from this analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of the environmental microbiome research landscape, guiding future research priorities and collaborations in the field.

Sea level is a key oceanographic variable that exhibits both spatial and temporal variability and serves as an important indicator of global and regional ocean–climate variability, which can influence fishery productivity. Using satellite observation data, this study aimed to identify patterns and fluctuations in sea level trends and variability, and to examine their effects on the catch rates of Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in the Makassar Strait over a ten-year period (2013–2022). Sea level time series were generated through averaging calculations and spatial mean mapping to characterize sea level distribution. Histogram analysis was applied to determine the frequency of catch per unit effort (CPUE) across different sea level ranges. The results showed that mean sea level in the Makassar Strait during the study period ranged from 0.48 to 0.78 m. Clear annual and seasonal sea level variability was observed, with higher values (0.65–0.70 m) during the northwest monsoon and lower values (0.50–0.60 m) during the southeast monsoon. Over the ten-year period, sea level increased by approximately 0.13 m. The highest CPUE of Eastern Little Tuna was associated with sea levels between 0.60 and 0.65 m. Histogram analysis further indicated that this sea level range corresponded to the maximum CPUE values. In contrast, higher sea levels ranging from 0.75 to 0.80 m were associated with the lowest CPUE, value of 30 kg/trip.