Developing a breast cancer screening method is very important to facilitate early breast cancer detection and treatment. Building a screening method using medical imaging modality that does not cause body tissue damage (non-invasive) and does not involve physical touch is challenging. Thermography, a non-invasive and non-contact cancer screening method, can detect tumors at an early stage even under precancerous conditions by observing temperature distribution in both breasts. The thermograms obtained on thermography can be interpreted using deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CNNs can automatically classify breast thermograms into categories such as normal and abnormal. Despite their demostrated utility, CNNs have not been widely used in breast thermogram classification. In this study, we aimed to summarize the current work and progress in breast cancer detection based on thermography and CNNs. We first discuss of breast thermography potential in early breast cancer detection, providing an overview of the availability of breast thermal datasets together with publicly accessible. We also discuss characteristics of breast thermograms and the differences between healthy and cancerous thermographic patterns. Breast thermogram classification using a CNN model is described step by step including a simulation example illustrating feature learning. We cover most research related to the implementation of deep neural networks for breast thermogram classification and propose future research directions for developing representative datasets, feeding the segmented image, assigning a good kernel, and building a lightweight CNN model to improve CNN performance.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major diseases that cause death worldwide and lead to complications of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Improper and late handling of a diabetic foot patient can result in an amputation of the patient’s foot. Early detection of DFU symptoms can be observed using thermal imaging with a computer-assisted classifier. Previous study of DFU detection using thermal image only achieved 97% of accuracy, and it has to be improved. This article proposes a novel framework for DFU classification based on thermal imaging using deep neural networks and decision fusion. Here, decision fusion combines the classification result from a parallel classifier. We used the convolutional neural network (CNN) model of ShuffleNet and MobileNetV2 as the baseline classifier. In developing the classifier model, firstly, the MobileNetV2 and ShuffleNet were trained using plantar thermogram datasets. Then, the classification results of those two models were fused using a novel decision fusion method to increase the accuracy rate. The proposed framework achieved 100% accuracy in classifying the DFU thermal images in binary classes of positive and negative cases. The accuracy of the proposed Decision Fusion (DF) was increased by about 3.4% from baseline ShuffleNet and MobileNetV2. Overall, the proposed framework outperformed in classifying the images compared with the state-of-the-art deep learning and the traditional machine-learning-based classifier.

Facial recognition has a significant application for security, especially in surveillance technologies. In surveillance systems, recognizing faces captured far away from the camera under various lighting conditions, such as in the daytime and nighttime, is a challenging task. A system capable of recognizing face images in both daytime and nighttime and at various distances is called Cross-Spectral Cross Distance (CSCD) face recognition. In this paper, we proposed a phase-based CSCD face recognition approach. We employed Homomorphic filtering as photometric normalization and Band Limited Phase Only Correlation (BLPOC) for image matching. Different from the state-of-the-art methods, we directly utilized the phase component from an image, without the need for a feature extraction process. The experiment was conducted using the Long-Distance Heterogeneous Face Database (LDHF-DB). The proposed method was evaluated in three scenarios: (i) cross-spectral face verification at 1m, (ii) cross-spectral face verification at 60m, and (iii) cross-spectral face verification where the probe images (near-infrared (NIR) face images) were captured at 1m and the gallery data (face images) was captured at 60 m. The proposed CSCD method resulted in the best recognition performance among the CSCD baseline approaches, with an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 5.34% and a Genuine Acceptance Rate (GAR) of 93%.

Classification of stunted and normal children using novel facial image database and convolutional neural network

Tuberculosis (TB) has become a global health threat with millions of cases each year. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection is needed to control its spread. The application of artificial intelligence, especially Deep Learning (DL), has shown great potential in improving the accuracy of TB detection through DL-based X-ray image analysis. Although many studies have developed X-ray image classification models, very few have integrated them into web or mobile platforms. In addition, the models integrated into these platforms generally do not apply continuous learning methods so that model performance cannot be updated. Thus, it is necessary to build an intelligent system based on a web application that integrates the ResNet-101 model for TB detection in X-ray images. This system utilizes continuous learning methods, allowing the model to automatically update itself with new data, thereby improving detection performance over time. The results showed that before continuous learning, the model successfully classified all TB images correctly, but was only able to classify two normal images correctly, resulting in an accuracy of 62.5%. After manual continuous learning, the model showed an increase in accuracy to 71.4%, with better ability to recognize normal images, although there was a slight decrease in performance in detecting TB.

Improved Lung Sound Classification Model Using Combined Residual Attention Network and Vision Transformer for Limited Dataset