This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Gokhlesh Kumar is a Senior Scientist at the Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria engages in applying molecular biology and proteomics techniques to understand the disease mechanisms of fish pathogens and their hosts. He successfully established the life cycle of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa) in the laboratory, enabling the continuous production of parasite spores throughout the year. He first identified differentially expressed genes in the kidney of brown trout in response to the myxozoan parasite T. bryosalmonae. Recently, he provides the first transcriptome of invertebrate Fredericella sultana for the understanding of the unique biological characteristics of bryozoan. In another field of activity, he identified and analyzed the global proteomic profiles of Yersinia ruckeri strains grown under standard culture conditions which represent one of the first global proteomic reference profiles of Y. ruckeri. He identified differentially regulated proteins in the head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout in response to the Y. ruckeri, which offer new insight into the systemic response at the protein level in rainbow trout. Additionally, he has identified and analyzed bottom-up proteome profiles of healthy head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout that serve as a template for understanding lymphoid organ functions in salmonids.
Project Goal: -
Current Stage: -
Project Goal: -
Current Stage: -
The present study was intended to screen the wild crustaceans for co-infection with Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. We screened a total of 607 shrimp and 110 crab samples using a specific polymerase chain reaction, and out of them, 82 shrimps (13.5%) and 5 (4.5%) crabs were found positive for co-infection of IHHNV and WSSV. A higher rate of co-infection was observed in Penaeus monodon and Scylla serrata than other shrimp and crab species. The nucleotide sequences of IHHNV and WSSV obtained from crab in this present study exhibited very high sequence identity with their counterparts retrieved from various countries. Histopathological analysis of the infected shrimp gill sections further confirmed the eosinophilic intra-nuclear cowdry type A inclusion bodies and basophilic intra-nuclear inclusion bodies characteristics of IHHNV and WSSV infections, respectively. The present study serves as the first report on co-infection of WSSV and IHHNV in Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India and accentuates the critical need for continuous monitoring of wild crustaceans and appropriate biosecurity measures for brackishwater aquaculture.
Kandasamy Saravanan; Jayasimhan Praveenraj; Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar; Varsha Devi; Utpal Biswas; Thangaraj Kumar; Arun Sudhagar; Mansour El-Matbouli; Gokhlesh Kumar. Co-Infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the Wild Crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. Viruses 2021, 13, 1378 .
AMA StyleKandasamy Saravanan, Jayasimhan Praveenraj, Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar, Varsha Devi, Utpal Biswas, Thangaraj Kumar, Arun Sudhagar, Mansour El-Matbouli, Gokhlesh Kumar. Co-Infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the Wild Crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India. Viruses. 2021; 13 (7):1378.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKandasamy Saravanan; Jayasimhan Praveenraj; Rajendran Kiruba-Sankar; Varsha Devi; Utpal Biswas; Thangaraj Kumar; Arun Sudhagar; Mansour El-Matbouli; Gokhlesh Kumar. 2021. "Co-Infection of Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) and White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in the Wild Crustaceans of Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, India." Viruses 13, no. 7: 1378.
Globally, parasites are increasingly being recognized as catastrophic agents in both aquaculture sector and in the wild aquatic habitats leading to an estimated annual loss between 1.05 billion and 9.58 billion USD. The currently available therapeutic and control measures are accompanied by many limitations. Hence, vaccines are recommended as the “only green and effective solution” to address these concerns and protect fish from pathogens. However, vaccine development warrants a better understanding of host–parasite interaction and parasite biology. Currently, only one commercial parasite vaccine is available against the ectoparasite sea lice. Additionally, only a few trials have reported potential vaccine candidates against endoparasites. Transcriptome, genome, and proteomic data at present are available only for a limited number of aquatic parasites. Omics-based interventions can be significant in the identification of suitable vaccine candidates, finally leading to the development of multivalent vaccines for significant protection against parasitic infections in fish. The present review highlights the progress in the immunobiology of pathogenic parasites and the prospects of vaccine development. Finally, an approach for developing a multivalent vaccine for parasitic diseases is presented. Data sources to prepare this review included Pubmed, google scholar, official reports, and websites.
Saloni Shivam; Mansour El-Matbouli; Gokhlesh Kumar. Development of Fish Parasite Vaccines in the OMICs Era: Progress and Opportunities. Vaccines 2021, 9, 179 .
AMA StyleSaloni Shivam, Mansour El-Matbouli, Gokhlesh Kumar. Development of Fish Parasite Vaccines in the OMICs Era: Progress and Opportunities. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (2):179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaloni Shivam; Mansour El-Matbouli; Gokhlesh Kumar. 2021. "Development of Fish Parasite Vaccines in the OMICs Era: Progress and Opportunities." Vaccines 9, no. 2: 179.
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, a myxozoan endoparasite, causes proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. The life cycle of T. bryosalmonae occurs between invertebrate bryozoan and vertebrate fish hosts. T. bryosalmonae develops in the body cavity of colonial bryozoan and spores are released from mature spore sacs into the water likely through the vestibular pore and infect fish by attaching to their gills. However, very little is known about the transcriptome of this important parasite, which hampers studies into the molecular mechanisms of host-parasite interactions and understanding the parasite biology. In order to circumvent this limitation, we performed de novo transcriptome assembly on the sacs of T. bryosalmonae, collected from infected bryozoan Fredericella sultana. A total of 111.5 million filtered paired-end reads was obtained and assembled into 25,908 contigs corresponding to putative transcripts that were functionally annotated. More than 50% of the assembled transcripts (13,071 contigs) had a significant hit in NCBI non-redundant database. Based on Gene ontology annotation, the most highly scored categories of molecular function of the contigs were related to binding and catalytic activities in T. bryosalmonae. This study provides a global overview of the T. bryosalmonae transcriptome that will be a valuable resource for identifying virulence factors, gene discovery, genome annotation, and vaccine development applications. This data is accessible via NCBI BioProject (PRJNA680464).
Gokhlesh Kumar; Reinhard Ertl; Frank Nilsen; Jerri L. Bartholomew; Mansour El-Matbouli. Data of de novo transcriptome assembly of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. Data in Brief 2021, 35, 106831 .
AMA StyleGokhlesh Kumar, Reinhard Ertl, Frank Nilsen, Jerri L. Bartholomew, Mansour El-Matbouli. Data of de novo transcriptome assembly of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. Data in Brief. 2021; 35 ():106831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhlesh Kumar; Reinhard Ertl; Frank Nilsen; Jerri L. Bartholomew; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2021. "Data of de novo transcriptome assembly of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae." Data in Brief 35, no. : 106831.
Bryozoans are sessile, filter-feeding, and colony-building invertebrate organisms. Fredericella sultana is a well known primary host of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. There have been no attempts to identify the cellular responses induced in F. sultana during the T. bryosalmonae development. We therefore performed transcriptome analysis with the aim of identifying candidate genes and biological pathways of F. sultana involved in the response to T. bryosalmonae. A total of 1166 differentially up- and downregulated genes were identified in the infected F. sultana. Gene ontology of biological processes of upregulated genes pointed to the involvement of the innate immune response, establishment of protein localization, and ribosome biogenesis, while the downregulated genes were involved in mitotic spindle assembly, viral entry into the host cell, and response to nitric oxide. Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 signaling was identified as a top canonical pathway and MYCN as a top upstream regulator in the differentially expressed genes. Our study provides the first transcriptional profiling data on the F. sultana zooid’s response to T. bryosalmonae. Pathways and upstream regulators help us to understand the complex interplay in the infected F. sultana. The results will facilitate the elucidation of innate immune mechanisms of bryozoan and will lay a foundation for further analyses on bryozoan-responsive candidate genes, which will be an important resource for the comparative analysis of gene expression in bryozoans.
Gokhlesh Kumar; Reinhard Ertl; Jerri L. Bartholomew; Mansour El-Matbouli. Transcriptome Analysis Elucidates the Key responses of Bryozoan Fredericella sultana during the Development of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 5910 .
AMA StyleGokhlesh Kumar, Reinhard Ertl, Jerri L. Bartholomew, Mansour El-Matbouli. Transcriptome Analysis Elucidates the Key responses of Bryozoan Fredericella sultana during the Development of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (16):5910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhlesh Kumar; Reinhard Ertl; Jerri L. Bartholomew; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2020. "Transcriptome Analysis Elucidates the Key responses of Bryozoan Fredericella sultana during the Development of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Myxozoa)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16: 5910.
Proliferative kidney disease is an emerging disease among salmonids in Europe and North America caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. The decline of endemic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Alpine streams of Europe is fostered by T. bryosalmonae infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that acts as sentinels of the immune system against the invading pathogens. However, little is known about the TLRs’ response in salmonids against the myxozoan infection. In the present study, we identified and evaluated TLR1, TLR19, and TLR13-like genes of brown trout using data-mining and phylogenetic analysis. The expression pattern of TLRs was examined in the posterior kidney of brown trout infected with T. bryosalmonae at various time points. Typical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor protein domain was found in all tested TLRs. However, TLR13-like chr2 had a short amino acid sequence with no LRR domain. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that TLR orthologs are conserved across vertebrates. Similarly, a conserved synteny gene block arrangement was observed in the case of TLR1 and TLR19 across fish species. Interestingly, all tested TLRs showed their maximal relative expression from 6 to 10 weeks post-exposure to the parasite. Our results suggest that these TLRs may play an important role in the innate defense mechanism of brown trout against the invading T. bryosalmonae.
Arun Sudhagar; Mansour El-Matbouli; Gokhlesh Kumar. Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 3755 .
AMA StyleArun Sudhagar, Mansour El-Matbouli, Gokhlesh Kumar. Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (11):3755.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArun Sudhagar; Mansour El-Matbouli; Gokhlesh Kumar. 2020. "Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11: 3755.
Bryozoans are aquatic invertebrate moss animals that are found worldwide. Fredericella sultana is a freshwater bryozoan and is the most common primary host of myxozoan parasite, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. However, limited genomic resources are available for this bryozoan, which hampers investigations into the molecular mechanisms of host-parasite interactions. To better understand these interactions, there is a need to build a transcriptome dataset of F. sultana, for functional genomics analysis by large-scale RNA sequencing. Total RNA was extracted from zooids of F. sultana cultivated under controlled laboratory conditions. cDNA libraries were prepared and were analyzed by the Illumina paired-ends sequencing. The sequencing data were used for de novo transcriptome assembly and functional annotation. Approximately 118 million clean reads were obtained, and assembled into 85,544 contigs with an average length of 852 bp, an N50 of 1,085 bp, and an average GC content 51.4%. A total of 23,978 (28%) contigs were annotated using BLASTX analysis. Of these transcripts, 4,400 contigs had highest similarity to brachiopod species Lingula anatina. Based on Gene ontology (GO) annotation, the most highly scored categories of biological process were categorized into cellular process (27%), metabolic process (24%), and biological regulation (8%) in the transcriptome of F. sultana. This study gives first insights into the transcriptome of F. sultana and provides comprehensive genetic resources for the species. We believe that the transcriptome of F. sultana will serve as a useful genomic dataset to accelerate research of functional genomics and will help facilitate whole genome sequencing and annotation. Candidate genes potentially involved in growth, proteolysis, and stress/immunity-response were identified, and are worthy of further investigation.
Gokhlesh Kumar; Reinhard Ertl; Jerri L. Bartholomew; Mansour El-Matbouli. First transcriptome analysis of bryozoan Fredericella sultana, the primary host of myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. PeerJ 2020, 8, e9027 .
AMA StyleGokhlesh Kumar, Reinhard Ertl, Jerri L. Bartholomew, Mansour El-Matbouli. First transcriptome analysis of bryozoan Fredericella sultana, the primary host of myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e9027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhlesh Kumar; Reinhard Ertl; Jerri L. Bartholomew; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2020. "First transcriptome analysis of bryozoan Fredericella sultana, the primary host of myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae." PeerJ 8, no. : e9027.
Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a myxozoan parasite responsible for proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in a wide range of salmonids. PKD, characterized by high mortality and morbidity, is well known for affecting aquaculture operations and wild salmonid populations across Europe and North America. The life cycle of T. bryosalmonae revolves around freshwater bryozoan and salmonid fish hosts. In recent years, T. bryosalmonae has been reported among wild salmonids from the European countries where it has not been reported previously. T. bryosalmonae is believed to be a possible reason for the diminishing wild salmonid populations in the natural water bodies of many European countries. Climate crisis driven rising water temperature can further accelerate the distribution of T. bryosalmonae. Expansion of the geographical distribution of T. bryosalmonae may further advocate the decline of wild salmonid populations, especially brown trout (Salmo trutta) in their habitats. Mathematical models are used to understand the pattern and distribution of T. bryosalmonae among the host in the natural water bodies. The present manuscript not only summarizes the incidences of T. bryosalmonae among the wild salmonid populations, but also discusses the contemporary understanding about the development of T. bryosalmonae in its hosts and the influences of various factors in the spread of the disease in the wild.
Arun Sudhagar; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli. The Malacosporean Myxozoan Parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae: A Threat to Wild Salmonids. Pathogens 2019, 9, 16 .
AMA StyleArun Sudhagar, Gokhlesh Kumar, Mansour El-Matbouli. The Malacosporean Myxozoan Parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae: A Threat to Wild Salmonids. Pathogens. 2019; 9 (1):16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArun Sudhagar; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2019. "The Malacosporean Myxozoan Parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae: A Threat to Wild Salmonids." Pathogens 9, no. 1: 16.
Background Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is a myxozoan parasite which causes economically important and emerging proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonids. Brown trout, Salmo trutta is a native fish species of Europe, which acts as asymptomatic carriers for T. bryosalmonae. There is only limited information on the molecular mechanism involved in the kidney of brown trout during T. bryosalmonae development. We employed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the global transcriptome changes in the posterior kidney of brown trout during T. bryosalmonae development. Methods Brown trout were exposed to the spores of T. bryosalmonae and posterior kidneys were collected from both exposed and unexposed control fish. cDNA libraries were prepared from the posterior kidney and sequenced. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using standard pipeline of quality control, reference mapping, differential expression analysis, gene ontology, and pathway analysis. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to validate the transcriptional regulation of differentially expressed genes, and their correlation with RNA-seq data was statistically analyzed. Results Transcriptome analysis identified 1169 differentially expressed genes in the posterior kidney of brown trout, out of which 864 genes (74%) were upregulated and 305 genes (26%) were downregulated. The upregulated genes were associated with the regulation of immune system process, vesicle-mediated transport, leucocyte activation, and transport, whereas the downregulated genes were associated with endopeptidase regulatory activity, phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process, connective tissue development, and collagen catabolic process. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first RNA-seq based transcriptome study performed in the posterior kidney of brown trout during active T. bryosalmonae development. Most of the upregulated genes were associated with the immune system process, whereas the downregulated genes were associated with other metabolic functions. The findings of this study provide insights on the immune responses mounted by the brown trout on the developing parasite, and the host molecular machineries modulated by the parasite for its successful multiplication and release.
Arun Sudhagar; Reinhard Ertl; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli. Transcriptome profiling of posterior kidney of brown trout, Salmo trutta, during proliferative kidney disease. Parasites & Vectors 2019, 12, 1 -17.
AMA StyleArun Sudhagar, Reinhard Ertl, Gokhlesh Kumar, Mansour El-Matbouli. Transcriptome profiling of posterior kidney of brown trout, Salmo trutta, during proliferative kidney disease. Parasites & Vectors. 2019; 12 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArun Sudhagar; Reinhard Ertl; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2019. "Transcriptome profiling of posterior kidney of brown trout, Salmo trutta, during proliferative kidney disease." Parasites & Vectors 12, no. 1: 1-17.
Proteomic analyses techniques are considered strong tools for identifying and quantifying the protein contents in different organisms, organs and secretions. In fish biotechnology, the proteomic analyses have been used for wide range of applications such as identification of immune related proteins during infections and stresses. The proteomic approach has a significant role in understanding pathogen surviving strategies, host defence responses and subsequently, the fish pathogen interactions. Proteomic analyses were employed to highlight the virulence related proteins secreted by the pathogens to invade the fish host’s defence barriers and to monitor the kinetics of protein contents of different fish organs in response to infections. The immune related proteins of fish and the virulence related proteins of pathogens are up or down regulated according to their functions in defence or pathogenesis. Therefore, the proteomic analyses are useful in understanding the virulence mechanisms of microorganisms and the fish pathogen interactions thereby supporting the development of new effective therapies. In this review, we focus and summarise the recent proteomic profiling studies exploring pathogen virulence activities and fish immune responses to stressors and infections.
Fatma Ahmed; Gokhlesh Kumar; Faiza M. Soliman; Mohamed A. Adly; Hamdy A.M. Soliman; Mansour El-Matbouli; Mona Saleh. Proteomics for understanding pathogenesis, immune modulation and host pathogen interactions in aquaculture. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 2019, 32, 100625 .
AMA StyleFatma Ahmed, Gokhlesh Kumar, Faiza M. Soliman, Mohamed A. Adly, Hamdy A.M. Soliman, Mansour El-Matbouli, Mona Saleh. Proteomics for understanding pathogenesis, immune modulation and host pathogen interactions in aquaculture. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics. 2019; 32 ():100625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFatma Ahmed; Gokhlesh Kumar; Faiza M. Soliman; Mohamed A. Adly; Hamdy A.M. Soliman; Mansour El-Matbouli; Mona Saleh. 2019. "Proteomics for understanding pathogenesis, immune modulation and host pathogen interactions in aquaculture." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 32, no. : 100625.
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. In fish, the intestine represents an important site of nutrient uptake, host–pathogen interactions, and defense. The posterior intestine can be inflamed, reddened, and filled with an opaque, yellowish fluid during Y. ruckeri infection. Herein, we report an investigation on the proteome alteration in the posterior intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after exposure to Y. ruckeri. The intestinal mucosal proteins were identified and quantified by a shotgun proteomic approach by applying data-independent quantification with sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH). A total of 437 proteins were found to be differentially up- or downregulated in the posterior intestine. Gene ontology of upregulated proteins pointed to their involvement into exopeptidase, endopeptidase, and hydrolase activities, while the downregulated proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, actin binding, and translation processes. Additionally, upregulated proteins were predicted to be involved in lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and metabolic pathways, while downregulated proteins were implicated in focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, protein digestion and absorption pathways. This study showed that Y. ruckeri infection can alter protein abundance involved in serine-type carboxypeptidase, cysteine and aspartic-type endopeptidases, metallopeptidases, antioxidant defense, calcium ion binding, glycolytic and carbohydrate metabolic processes in the proteome of the intestinal mucosa of rainbow trout.
Gokhlesh Kumar; Karin Hummel; Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli; Mansour El-Matbouli. Modulation of posterior intestinal mucosal proteome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after Yersinia ruckeri infection. Veterinary Research 2019, 50, 1 -14.
AMA StyleGokhlesh Kumar, Karin Hummel, Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli, Mansour El-Matbouli. Modulation of posterior intestinal mucosal proteome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after Yersinia ruckeri infection. Veterinary Research. 2019; 50 (1):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhlesh Kumar; Karin Hummel; Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2019. "Modulation of posterior intestinal mucosal proteome in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after Yersinia ruckeri infection." Veterinary Research 50, no. 1: 1-14.
Whirling disease (WD), caused by the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, is responsible for high mortalities in rainbow trout hatcheries and natural populations. To elucidate how resistant and susceptible rainbow trout strains respond to early invasion, a well-established model of WD was used to demonstrate the kinetics of local and systemic immune responses in two rainbow trout strains, the susceptible American Trout Lodge (TL) and the more resistant German Hofer strain (HO). Parasite load and cellular immune responses were compared across several time points after M. cerebralis exposure to elucidate the kinetics of immune cells in resistant and susceptible rainbow trout in response to early invasion. In the course of the 20 days following exposure, leukocyte kinetics was monitored by flow cytometry in the caudal fin (CF), head kidney (HK) and spleen (SP). For the analysis of the leukocyte composition, cells were stained using a set of monoclonal antibodies with known specificity for distinct subpopulations of rainbow trout leukocytes. Experiments indicated general increases of CF, HK and SP myeloid cells, while decreases of B cells and T cells in the SP and HK were observed at several time points in the TL strain. On the other hand, in the HO strain, increases of T cells were dominant in CF, HK and SP at multiple time points. The differences between HO and TL were most distinct at 2, 4, 12 and 48 hours post-exposure (hpe) as well as at 4 days post-exposure (dpe), with the vast majority of innate immune response cells having higher values in the susceptible TL strain. Alteration of the leukocyte populations with augmented local cellular responses and excessive immune reactions likely lead to subsequent host tissue damage and supports parasite invasion and development in TL. The findings of this study highlight the significance of effective local and systemic immune reaction and indicate proper activation of T lymphocytes critical for host resistance during M. cerebralis infection. The present study provides insights into the cellular basis of protective immune responses against M. cerebralis and can help us to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the variation in resistance to WD.
Mona Saleh; Ruth Montero; Gokhlesh Kumar; Arun Sudhagar; Adina Friedl; Bernd Köllner; Mansour El-Matbouli. Kinetics of local and systemic immune cell responses in whirling disease infection and resistance in rainbow trout. Parasites & Vectors 2019, 12, 1 -11.
AMA StyleMona Saleh, Ruth Montero, Gokhlesh Kumar, Arun Sudhagar, Adina Friedl, Bernd Köllner, Mansour El-Matbouli. Kinetics of local and systemic immune cell responses in whirling disease infection and resistance in rainbow trout. Parasites & Vectors. 2019; 12 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMona Saleh; Ruth Montero; Gokhlesh Kumar; Arun Sudhagar; Adina Friedl; Bernd Köllner; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2019. "Kinetics of local and systemic immune cell responses in whirling disease infection and resistance in rainbow trout." Parasites & Vectors 12, no. 1: 1-11.
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliated protozoan parasite, causes ichthyophthiriasis and leads to considerable economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Understanding the fish immune response and host-parasite interactions could support developing novel strategies for better disease management and control. Fish skin mucus is the first line of defence against infections through the epidermis. Yet, the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, protein-based defence strategies against infection with I. multifiliis at this barrier remain elusive. The skin mucus proteome of common carp was investigated at 1 day and 9 days post-exposure with I. multifiliis. Using nano-LC ESI MS/MS and statistical analysis, the abundance of 19 immune related and signal transduction proteins was found to be differentially regulated in skin mucus of common carp in response to I. multifiliis. The analysis revealed increased abundance values of epithelial chloride channel protein, galactose-specific lectin nattection, high choriolytic enzyme 1 (nephrosin), lysozyme C, granulin-3 and protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 in I. multifiliis-exposed carp skin mucus. Multiple lectins and a diverse array of distinct serpins with protease inhibitor activity were identified likely implicated in lectin pathway activation and regulation of proteolysis, indicating that these proteins contribute to the carp innate immune system and the protective properties of skin mucus. The results obtained from this proteomic analysis enables a better understanding of fish host response to parasitic infection and gives insights into the key role skin mucus plays in protecting fish against deleterious effects of I. multifiliis.
Mona Saleh; Gokhlesh Kumar; Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki; Mohamed A. Dkhil; Mansour El-Matbouli; Saleh Al-Quraishy. Quantitative proteomic profiling of immune responses to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in common carp skin mucus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2018, 84, 834 -842.
AMA StyleMona Saleh, Gokhlesh Kumar, Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki, Mohamed A. Dkhil, Mansour El-Matbouli, Saleh Al-Quraishy. Quantitative proteomic profiling of immune responses to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in common carp skin mucus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2018; 84 ():834-842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMona Saleh; Gokhlesh Kumar; Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki; Mohamed A. Dkhil; Mansour El-Matbouli; Saleh Al-Quraishy. 2018. "Quantitative proteomic profiling of immune responses to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in common carp skin mucus." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 84, no. : 834-842.
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is increasingly being used for genome editing experiments. It is a system to add, delete and/or replace parts of a gene in situ in a time- and cost-efficient manner. The genome of many organisms has been edited using this system. We tested the CRISPR/Cas9 system in Aphanomyces invadans, an oomycete, which is the causative agent of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) in many fish species. Extracellular proteases produced by this oomycete are believed to play a role in EUS virulence. We designed three single guide-RNAs (gRNA) to target A. invadans serine protease gene. These gRNAs were individually combined with the Cas9 to form ribo-nucleo-protein (RNP) complex. A. invadans protoplasts were then transfected with RNP complexes. After the transfection, the target gene was amplified and subjected to sequencing. Zoospores of A. invadans were also transfected with the RNP complex. Three groups of dwarf gourami (Trichogaster lalius) were then experimentally inoculated with (i) non-treated A. invadans zoospores; (ii) RNP-treated A. invadans zoospores; and (iii) autoclaved pond water as negative control, to investigate the effect of edited serine protease gene on the virulence of A. invadans in vivo. Fluorescence microscopy showed sub-cellular localization of RNP complex in A. invadans protoplasts and zoospores. Sequencing results from the protoplast DNA revealed a point mutation in the target gene. A matching mutation was also detected in zoospores after similar treatment with the same RNP complex. In vivo results showed that the CRISPR/Cas9-treated A. invadans zoospores did not produce EUS clinical signs in the fish. These results were then confirmed by histopathological staining of the muscle sections using Gomori’s methenamine silver nitrate and hematoxylin and eosin stains. Results obtained in this study indicate that the RNP complex caused effective mutation in the target gene. This hindered the production of serine protease, which ultimately impeded the manifestation of EUS in the fish. Our methods thus establish a promising approach for functional genomics studies in A. invadans and provide novel avenues to develop effective strategies to control this pathogen.
Muhammad Majeed; Hatem Soliman; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli; Mona Saleh. Editing the genome of Aphanomyces invadans using CRISPR/Cas9. Parasites & Vectors 2018, 11, 554 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Majeed, Hatem Soliman, Gokhlesh Kumar, Mansour El-Matbouli, Mona Saleh. Editing the genome of Aphanomyces invadans using CRISPR/Cas9. Parasites & Vectors. 2018; 11 (1):554.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Majeed; Hatem Soliman; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli; Mona Saleh. 2018. "Editing the genome of Aphanomyces invadans using CRISPR/Cas9." Parasites & Vectors 11, no. 1: 554.
Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. Head kidney and spleen are major lymphoid organs of the teleost fish where antigen presentation and immune defense against microbes take place. We investigated proteome alteration in head kidney and spleen of the rainbow trout following Y. ruckeri strains infection. Organs were analyzed after 3, 9 and 28 days post exposure with a shotgun proteomic approach. GO annotation and protein-protein interaction were predicted using bioinformatic tools. Thirty four proteins from head kidney and 85 proteins from spleen were found to be differentially expressed in rainbow trout during the Y. ruckeri infection process. These included lysosomal, antioxidant, metalloproteinase, cytoskeleton, tetraspanin, cathepsin B and c-type lectin receptor proteins. The findings of this study regarding the immune response at the protein level offer new insight into the systemic response to Y. ruckeri infection in rainbow trout. This proteomic data facilitate a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and response of fish against Y. ruckeri biotype 1 and 2 strains. Protein-protein interaction analysis predicts carbon metabolism, ribosome and phagosome pathways in spleen of infected fish, which might be useful in understanding biological processes and further studies in the direction of pathways.
Gokhlesh Kumar; Karin Hummel; Katharina Noebauer; Timothy J. Welch; Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli; Mansour El-Matbouli. Proteome analysis reveals a role of rainbow trout lymphoid organs during Yersinia ruckeri infection process. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 13998 .
AMA StyleGokhlesh Kumar, Karin Hummel, Katharina Noebauer, Timothy J. Welch, Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli, Mansour El-Matbouli. Proteome analysis reveals a role of rainbow trout lymphoid organs during Yersinia ruckeri infection process. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):13998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhlesh Kumar; Karin Hummel; Katharina Noebauer; Timothy J. Welch; Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2018. "Proteome analysis reveals a role of rainbow trout lymphoid organs during Yersinia ruckeri infection process." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 13998.
The head kidney and spleen are major lymphoid organs of the teleost fish. The authors identify proteome profiles of head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a shotgun proteomic approach. Gene ontology annotation of proteins is predicted using bioinformatic tools. This study represents detailed proteome profiles of head kidney and spleen of rainbow trout, with a total of 3241 and 2542 proteins identified, respectively. It is found that lymphoid organs are equipped with a variety of functional proteins related to defense, receptor, signal transduction, antioxidant, cytoskeleton, transport, binding, and metabolic processes. The identified proteome profiles will serve as a template for understanding lymphoid organ functions in salmonids and will increase the amount of spectra information of rainbow trout proteins in the public data repository PRIDE. This data can be accessed via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD008473 and PXD008478.
Gokhlesh Kumar; Karin Hummel; Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli; Mansour El-Matbouli. Proteome Profiles of Head Kidney and Spleen of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). PROTEOMICS 2018, 18, e1800101 -e1800101.
AMA StyleGokhlesh Kumar, Karin Hummel, Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli, Mansour El-Matbouli. Proteome Profiles of Head Kidney and Spleen of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). PROTEOMICS. 2018; 18 (17):e1800101-e1800101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGokhlesh Kumar; Karin Hummel; Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2018. "Proteome Profiles of Head Kidney and Spleen of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)." PROTEOMICS 18, no. 17: e1800101-e1800101.
Most of the studies on fish diseases focus on single infections, although in nature co-infections occur more often. The two freshwater myxozoan parasites of salmonids, having high economic and ecologic relevance are Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (Malacosporea), the etiological agent of proliferative kidney disease, and Myxobolus cerebralis (Myxosporea), the etiological agent of whirling disease. The present study aims to investigate immune modulation in rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during single and co-infections by these parasites. Fish were initially infected with T. bryosalmonae (one group) and M. cerebralis (another group) separately. At 30 days post-exposure (dpe), both the single species infected groups were co-infected, respectively, with the other parasite. Posterior kidney and cartilage cranium samples were collected at 30, 60, 90 and 120 dpe and RT-qPCR was performed on them to assess the transcription of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) -1 and -3, Janus kinase-1 (JAK-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) genes. Kidney samples from the T. bryosalmonae-infected group showed upregulation of all immune genes tested between 60–120 dpe. Crania from the single M. cerebralis-infected group and the M. cerebralis and T. bryosalmonae co-infected group exhibited upregulation of SOCS-1 and JAK-1 between 60–120 dpe and SOCS-3 at 120 dpe. However, only in the single M. cerebralis-infected group, was a statistically significant expression of STAT-3 observed at 30 and 60 dpe. The results of this study indicate that both T. bryosalmonae and M. cerebralis induce overexpression of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes and modulate the host immune response during the development of parasite to cause immunosuppression.
Mohamed H. Kotob; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mona Saleh; Bartolomeo Gorgoglione; Mahmoud Abdelzaher; Mansour El-Matbouli. Differential modulation of host immune genes in the kidney and cranium of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and Myxobolus cerebralis co-infections. Parasites & Vectors 2018, 11, 326 .
AMA StyleMohamed H. Kotob, Gokhlesh Kumar, Mona Saleh, Bartolomeo Gorgoglione, Mahmoud Abdelzaher, Mansour El-Matbouli. Differential modulation of host immune genes in the kidney and cranium of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and Myxobolus cerebralis co-infections. Parasites & Vectors. 2018; 11 (1):326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed H. Kotob; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mona Saleh; Bartolomeo Gorgoglione; Mahmoud Abdelzaher; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2018. "Differential modulation of host immune genes in the kidney and cranium of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae and Myxobolus cerebralis co-infections." Parasites & Vectors 11, no. 1: 326.
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a ciliated protozoan parasite recognized as one of the most pathogenic diseases of wild and cultured freshwater fish. Fish skin mucus plays a significant role against invading pathogens. However, the protein-based modulation against infection with I. multifiliis, of host fish at this barrier is unknown. Thus, we investigated the skin mucus proteome of common carp using a shotgun proteomic approach at days 1 and 9 after I. multifiliis exposure. We identified 25 differentially expressed proteins in infected carp skin mucus. Upregulated proteins were mainly involved in metabolism, whereas downregulated proteins were mainly structural. This is the first proteomic analysis of infected common carp skin mucus, and it provides novel information about proteome alteration caused by I. multifiliis. Furthermore, we identified novel proteins with yet unknown function in common carp following penetrating injuries such as olfactomedin 4, lumican, dermatopontin, papilin and I cytoskeletal 18. This analysis, therefore, represents a key for the search for potential biomarkers, which can help in a better understanding and monitoring of interactions between carp and I. multifiliis. This proteomic study not only provides information on the protein-level pathways involved in fish-ciliate interactions but also could represent a complementary system for studying tissue repair.
Mona Saleh; Gokhlesh Kumar; Abdel-Azeem Abdel-Baki; Mohamed A. Dkhil; Mansour El-Matbouli; Saleh Al-Quraishy. Quantitative shotgun proteomics distinguishes wound-healing biomarker signatures in common carp skin mucus in response to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Veterinary Research 2018, 49, 37 .
AMA StyleMona Saleh, Gokhlesh Kumar, Abdel-Azeem Abdel-Baki, Mohamed A. Dkhil, Mansour El-Matbouli, Saleh Al-Quraishy. Quantitative shotgun proteomics distinguishes wound-healing biomarker signatures in common carp skin mucus in response to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Veterinary Research. 2018; 49 (1):37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMona Saleh; Gokhlesh Kumar; Abdel-Azeem Abdel-Baki; Mohamed A. Dkhil; Mansour El-Matbouli; Saleh Al-Quraishy. 2018. "Quantitative shotgun proteomics distinguishes wound-healing biomarker signatures in common carp skin mucus in response to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis." Veterinary Research 49, no. 1: 37.
The myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD), is responsible for considerable losses in farmed and wild fish populations in Europe and North America. Recently, T. bryosalmonae was detected in many European countries, and strategy to control the disease in the wild and farmed fish population is yet to be developed. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology that does not require any thermal cycling, and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) is a rapid, cost-effective, and easy-to-handle assay that enables stable detection. In this study, we developed and optimized a rapid and sensitive RPA assay combined with an LFD for the detection of T. bryosalmonae. The PKD-RPA assay was specific to T. bryosalmonae, as no cross-reaction or false positive signals were observed with any of the other tested DNAs. The developed PKD-RPA assay was ten times more sensitive than an existing diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for this parasite. The estimated time to perform PKD-RPA assay is 25 min compared to 4 h for PKD-PCR assay. A novel PKD-RPA assay for the detection of T. bryosalmonae was developed. The assay offers considerable advantages including speed, sensitivity, specificity and visual detection. Applying the PKD-RPA assay combined with an LFD enhances the surveillance and early detection of T. bryosalmonae in salmonids.
Hatem Soliman; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli. Recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick for rapid detection of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. Parasites & Vectors 2018, 11, 234 .
AMA StyleHatem Soliman, Gokhlesh Kumar, Mansour El-Matbouli. Recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick for rapid detection of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. Parasites & Vectors. 2018; 11 (1):234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHatem Soliman; Gokhlesh Kumar; Mansour El-Matbouli. 2018. "Recombinase polymerase amplification assay combined with a lateral flow dipstick for rapid detection of Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids." Parasites & Vectors 11, no. 1: 234.