Background: This randomized controlled trial investigated the role of omega-3 supplementation on C5L2 gene expression in type 2 diabetics. Methods: Subjects in the omega-3 group received 4 g omega-3 per day and subjects in the placebo group took four capsules of placebo per day for 10 weeks. Gene expression was measured by RT- PCR at the beginning and end of the study. Results: The results of this study show depletion in the omega-3 group, but the mean difference between two groups was not significant. Conclusions: Understanding the effect of the omega-3 pathway could contribute to targeting treatment of diabetes and its comorbidities.

Background: Diabetes refers to a group of metabolic diseases with blood glucose of higher than normal ranges. Furthermore, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are necessary for the regulation of the activity of human function. The effect of n-3 PUFA on diabetes has been investigated in animal studies, yet, the exact amount has not been set, to date. Irisin, as a new myokine, is released from skeletal muscle and Irisin levels decrease as a result of physical inactivity, overweightness, and obesity. Also, the reduction of serum irisin level is associated with development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This study was performed to assess the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on serum irisin level in patients with diabetes. Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 43 patients with type 2 diabetes (21 patients in the placebo group and 22 patients in the n-3 PUFA supplement group). They were randomized to groups, one receiving 10 weeks of either n-3 PUFA supplement and the other the placebo (1250 mg capsule, three times per day). Samples were also matched by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) in the 2 groups. Anthropometric measurements, demographic information and dietary intakes were obtained both before and after the intervention. Serum irisin levels were measured before and after the intervention using human irisin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean outcomes between groups. Results: At baseline, irisin serum level were not significantly different between the placebo and n-3 PUFA supplementation groups (P > 0.05). However, a significant change was observed between the groups after intervention (P = 0.04). Also there was a significant difference in mean change (after versus before the intervention) (P = 0.05). Compared to the placebo, n-3 PUFA supplementation decreased serum FBS and HbA1C (P = 0.036 and 0.001; respectively). Also, there were significant differences between changes of diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR after the intervention between the groups. The duration of illness was not considered as a confounding factor because there was no significant association between irisin level (after versus before the intervention) and the illness duration. Conclusions: The current study indicated that n-3 PUFA supplementation with a dosage of 1250 mg three times per day, resulted in increased serum irisin level of diabetic patients. Keywords: Irisin; Type 2 Diabetes; Myokine; n-3 Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA); Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA)

Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences that together with the associated sheltrin complex protect the ends of chromosomes and maintain genomic stabi

Objective: The prevalence of migraine is higher in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Possible underlying mechanisms could be increased intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation. Probiotics may reduce gut permeability as well as inflammation, and therefore may improve the clinical features of migraine. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of probiotic supplementation on the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Magiran.com and Sid.ir to identify eligible studies published up to October 2019. A meta-analysis of eligible trials was performed using the random-effects model to estimate pooled effect size. Results: Three randomized controlled trials with 179 patients (probiotic group = 94, placebo group = 85) were included. Probiotic supplementation had no significant effect on frequency (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −2.54 attacks/month, 95%CI: −5.31–0.22, p = 0.071) and severity of migraine attacks (WMD = −1.23 visual analog scale (VAS) score, 95%CI = −3.37–0.92, p = 0.262) with significant heterogeneity among the studies (I² = 98%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: A pooled analysis of available randomized controlled clinical trials showed that probiotic supplementation had no significant effect on the frequency and severity of episodic migraine attacks.