The swine leukocyte antigens (SLAs) are the multigene families related to immune responses. Little is known about the effect of the DRA gene on diarrheal disease. This study reported the genetic diversity of the DRA gene in exons 1, 3 and 4 in 290 Chinese Yantai black pigs. No variation was identified in exon 3. In exon 1, three genotypes and two alleles were identified, generated by two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In exon 4, there were eight genotypes and five alleles containing seven SNPs were detected with four SNPs being novel SNPs. The low polymorphism found in swine DRA is consistent with the concept that the DRA gene is highly conserved among all mammalian species. Statistical analyses indicated that the genotypes of exon 1 were not significantly associated with piglet diarrhea (p > 0.05); however, genotypes C₄C₄ (1.80 ± 0.33) and A₄E₄ (1.66 ± 0.25) of exon 4 were significantly susceptible to diarrhea (p < 0.01). These indicate that the particular genotypes of the DRA gene are susceptible to diarrheal disease, which provides valuable information for disease-resistance breeding in swine.

Polymorphism of Nramp1 Gene and Its Association with Diarrhea in Pigs

For the evaluation of food efficacy, in vitro experiments and cell and animal models are heavily relied on, with a need for quick and non-invasive monitoring methods. In this study, the fecal odor of aging mice supplemented with goat whey powder was obtained by an E-nose, and the correlation between odor information and the antioxidant indexes, serum antibody, cytokine, and intestinal bacteria were analyzed, aiming to establish a non-invasive method for monitoring and differentiating the effect of goat whey powder. As a result, the fecal odor differed with intervention groups and intervention time, and most of the sensor responses were significantly correlated with weight gain rate, SOD activity, and MDA content. For serum antibodies, cytokines, IL-2, and IL-6 were negatively correlated with the responses of sensor S7. A strong correlation was found between the E-nose sensor responses and the dominant intestinal bacteria. The E-nose could differentiate aging mice of different intervention times and intervention groups with canonical discriminate analysis (CDA). The effective predictive model was built by multiple linear regression (MLR) and a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP) for SOD, MDA, and weight gain rate, with R² ranging from 0.1571 to 0.6361. These results indicated that E-nose technology could be used in the tracking of goat whey powder intervention in aging mice.

The coding region of Datong yak’s TLR2 gene was amplified and subjected to sequence characterization. The coding region of the Datong yak TLR2 gene comprised a single ORF of 2355 nucleotides that coded for 784 amino acids with translatable products. The coding region of the TLR2 gene of the Datong yak contained two nucleotide mutation sites, namely, G677A and G1587A. G677A exhibited a missense mutation. After comparing nucleotide and amino acid sequences among related species and constructing the phylogenetic relationships, Datong yak sequences were shown to be highly similar to those of Bos taurus. The Datong yak TLR2 protein simultaneously possessed leucine-rich repeats, a TIR domain and an aldehyde dehydrogenase active site. Results showed that the protein plays an important role in the body’s immune regulation mechanism.