The LHCb upgrade represents a major change of the experiment. The detectors have been almost completely renewed to allow running at an instantaneous luminosity five times larger than that of the previous running periods. Readout of all detectors into an all-software trigger is central to the new design, facilitating the reconstruction of events at the maximum LHC interaction rate, and their selection in real time. The experiment's tracking system has been completely upgraded with a new pixel vertex detector, a silicon tracker upstream of the dipole magnet and three scintillating fibre tracking stations downstream of the magnet. The whole photon detection system of the RICH detectors has been renewed and the readout electronics of the calorimeter and muon systems have been fully overhauled. The first stage of the all-software trigger is implemented on a GPU farm. The output of the trigger provides a combination of totally reconstructed physics objects, such as tracks and vertices, ready for final analysis, and of entire events which need further offline reprocessing. This scheme required a complete revision of the computing model and rewriting of the experiment's software.

The Standard Model of particle physics—the theory of particles and interactions at the smallest scale—predicts that matter and antimatter interact differently due to violation of the combined symmetry of charge conjugation (C) and parity (P). Charge conjugation transforms particles into their antimatter particles, whereas the parity transformation inverts spatial coordinates. This prediction applies to both mesons, which consist of a quark and an antiquark, and baryons, which are composed of three quarks. However, despite having been discovered in various meson decays, CP violation has yet to be observed in baryons, the type of matter that makes up the observable Universe. Here we report a study of the decay of the beauty baryon $${\varLambda }_{0}^{b}$$ Λ 0 b to the p K ⁻ π ⁺ π ⁻ final state, which proceeds through b → u or b → s quark-level transitions, and its CP-conjugated process, using data collected by the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment¹ at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The results reveal significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the $${\varLambda }_{0}^{b}$$ Λ 0 b baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, providing, to our knowledge, the first observation of CP violation in baryon decays and demonstrating the different behaviours of baryons and antibaryons. In the Standard Model, CP violation arises from the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa mechanism², and new forces or particles beyond the Standard Model could provide further contributions. This discovery opens a new path in the search for physics beyond the Standard Model.

Large scale association studies have found a significant association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphism rs7903146. However, the quality of data varies greatly, as the studies report inconsistent results in different populations. Hence, we perform this meta-analysis to give a more convincing result. The articles, published from January 1st, 2000 to April 1st, 2017, were identified by searching in PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 56628 participants (34232 cases and 22396 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 28 studies were divided into 4 subgroups: Caucasian (10 studies), East Asian (5 studies), South Asian (5 studies) and Others (8 studies). All the data analyses were analyzed by the R package meta. The significant association was observed by using the dominant model (OR = 1.41, CI = 1.36 - 1.47, p < 0.0001), recessive model (OR = 1.58, CI = 1.48 - 1.69, p < 0.0001), additive model(CT vs CC) (OR = 1.34, CI = 1.28-1.39, p < 0.0001), additive model(TT vs CC) (OR = 1.81, CI = 1.69-1.94, p < 0.0001)and allele model (OR = 1.35, CI = 1.31-1.39, p < 0.0001). The meta-analysis suggested that rs7903146 was significantly associated with T2DM in Caucasian, East Asian, South Asian and other ethnicities.

The time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay $D^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$ is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.7{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the LHCb detector. The $D^0$ mesons are required to originate from promptly produced $D^{*+}\to D^0{\pi }^{+}$ decays, and the charge of the companion pion is used to determine the flavor of the charm meson at production. The time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry is measured to be ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(K^{-}{K}^{+})=[6.8\pm 5.4\pm 1.6]\times {10}^{-4}$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The direct $CP$ asymmetries in $D^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$ and $D^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decays, $a_{K^{-}{K}^{+}}^d$ and $a_{{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}}^d$, are derived by combining ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(K^{-}{K}^{+})$ with the time-integrated $CP$ asymmetry difference, $\mathrm{\Delta }{A}_{CP}={\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(K^{-}{K}^{+})-{\mathcal{A}}_{CP}({\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})$, and other inputs, giving $a_{K^{-}{K}^{+}}^d=(7.7\pm 5.7)\times {10}^{-4},a_{{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}}^d=(23.2\pm 6.1)\times {10}^{-4},$with a correlation coefficient corresponding to $\rho =0.88$. The compatibility of these results with $CP$ symmetry is 1.4 and 3.8 standard deviations for $D^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$ and $D^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decays, respectively. This is the first evidence for direct $CP$ violation in a specific $D^0$ decay.

An amplitude analysis of ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decays together with a measurement of the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}$ polarization vector in semiōleptonic beauty hadron decays is presented. A sample of 400 000 candidates is selected from proton-proton collisions recorded by the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. An amplitude model is developed and the resonance fractions as well as two- and three-body decay parameters are reported. The mass and width of the $\mathrm{\Lambda }(2000)$ state are also determined. A significant ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}$ polarization is found. A large sensitivity of the ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decay to the polarization is seen, making the amplitude model suitable for ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c^{+}$ polarization measurements in other systems.

Measurements of $CP$ asymmetries in charmless three-body decays of $B^{\pm }$ mesons are reported using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $5.9{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. The previously observed $CP$ asymmetry in $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$ decays is confirmed, and $CP$ asymmetries are observed with a significance of more than five standard deviations in the $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $B^{\pm }\to K^{\pm }{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$ decays, while the $CP$ asymmetry of $B^{\pm }\to K^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays is confirmed to be compatible with zero. The distributions of these asymmetries are also studied as a function of the three-body phase space and suggest contributions from rescattering and resonance interference processes. An indication of the presence of the decays $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{\chi }_{c0}(1P)$ in both $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$ decays is observed, as is $CP$ violation involving these amplitudes.