Mixing land uses has turned into a key planning strategy of Chinese land-use planning in recent years. This study analyzes the impact on housing prices when neighborhood land uses are mixed. Using geographic information system data, three quantitative measures of land-use mix were created, and these measures were computed for various neighborhoods in Beijing’s central city. These measures were in a spatial autoregressive confused model of hedonic price analysis. It can be concluded that housing prices increase with proximity to open spaces or daily commercial land uses, but decreases with proximity to medical land uses. Not only proximity, but also amount of open space and public and commercial land use are positively correlated with housing prices. In addition, housing prices tend to fall with an increase percentage of open space in all adjacent street administrative divisions. Finally, housing prices are higher in neighborhoods dominated by residential land use where nonresidential land uses were evenly distributed.

Green-blue spaces (GBS) are pivotal in mitigating thermal discomfort. However, their management lacks guidelines rooted in epidemiological evidence for specific planning and design. Here we show how various GBS types modify the link between non-optimal temperatures and cardiovascular mortality across different thermal extremes. We merged fine-scale population density and GBS data to create novel GBS exposure index. A case time series approach was employed to analyse temperature-cardiovascular mortality association and the effect modifications of type-specific GBSs across 1085 subdistricts in south-eastern China. Our findings indicate that both green and blue spaces may significantly reduce high-temperature-related cardiovascular mortality risks (e.g., for low (5%) vs. high (95%) level of overall green spaces at 99th vs. minimum mortality temperature (MMT), Ratio of relative risk (RRR) = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.21); for overall blue spaces, RRR = 1.20 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.29)), while specific blue space types offer protection against cold temperatures (e.g., for the rivers at 1st vs MMT, RRR = 1.17 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.28)). Notably, forests, parks, nature reserves, street greenery, and lakes are linked with lower heat-related cardiovascular mortality, whereas rivers and coasts mitigate cold-related cardiovascular mortality. Blue spaces provide greater benefits than green spaces. The severity of temperature extremes further amplifies GBS's protective effects. This study enhances our understanding of how type-specific GBS influences health risks associated with non-optimal temperatures, offering valuable insights for integrating GBS into climate adaptation strategies for maximal health benefits.