The presence of “fake news” and potentially manipulative content in the media is nothing new, but this area has largely expanded with the emergence of the Internet and digital media, thus opening itself up to anyone who has online access. As a result, there is an increasing amount of such content in the media, especially in digital media. This paper deals with the perception of fake news and potentially manipulative content by various generations—in particular, the perceptions of the young and the middle-aged generations, with the focus being on their ability to recognise, verify, and relate to such content. The results of this study were gained by means of a qualitative methodology applied to focus groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results are presented through a thematic analysis of the differences in perception of “fake news” between these generations, firstly in terms of their apprehension and interpretation of it, and secondly in terms of their relation to it. The authors conclude that both generations lack competence concerning media literacy, and that providing education in the field of digital media might offer a long-term solution for building resistance to “fake news” for future generations.

Digital competencies contribute to the development of other significant skills for the modern, digital age, such as communication, content creation and participation. To teachers' digital competencies can influence their abilities to integrate technology into the teaching process. This paper addresses the digital competencies of elementary school teachers in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). The aim of the study is to highlight the necessity of continuous education of educators in the field of digital literacy, enabling them to transmit the necessary knowledge to students in an adequate and acceptable manner. The results of the survey conducted through the questionnaire method indicate insufficient level of digital competencies among elementary school teachers, their awareness of this issue and their desire for additional education. This study has shown that primary school teachers in the Republic of Srpska (BaH) have basic knowledge about media and information literacy (MIL), but that their digital skills are insufficiently developed.

The COVID-19 pandemic has fully revealed the significance of media literacy. A great amount of fake news, as well as information lacking background, has been distributed. The paper aims to determine the manner of usage and evaluation of...

Parents have a great responsibility to protect their children while online, and to make sure that they are using digital technologies in a safe manner; at the same time, parents are not sufficiently educated and are unfamiliar with all regulatory mechanisms and possibilities of controlling and protecting their children online. Children need some help to take advantage of all positive aspects of digital trends and to protect themselves from those which are potentially negative. The international framework in the legal sense, which is in charge of standardizing the protection of the interests and rights of children on the Internet, is put in the focus of the work. It is important to note that the international legal framework is generally valid and binding for the national framework that regulates the same issues in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The aim of this research is to establish how well parents from BiH are acquainted with the Internet-related regulations and the mechanisms for ensuring Internet safety for their children and to what extent these mechanisms are being applied. The results of this research demonstrate that the majority of parents are not sufficiently familiar with the regulatory mechanisms and that they are not using all available tools to protect their children online.

Despite the fact that disinformation exists beyond the mass media, space in the media sphere, especially the virtual one, leaves the possibility that disinformation can spread easier and faster, as well as reach a large audience of users of social networks, ie. digital media. With the arrival of the coronavirus, there was a greater need for information, but at the same time the amount of misinformation from various intentions and sources increased. The development of information and communication technologies, ways of communicating and disseminating media content, on the other hand, is in stark contrast to the process of developing media education in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the level of media literacy of citizens who are not ready for new ways of communicating, sources of information and the procedure of participation in the creation of media content. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, media education is not part of the compulsory education system and because of that in this paper we will talk about the attitude of citizens towards misinformation during the coronavirus pandemic, given the level of their general education with the aim of determining whether the level of general education affects the power of perception of misinformation. The results of research conducted by a qualitative method through a focus group and presented by thematic analysis indicate a cause-and-effect relationship between levels of general education and perceptions of misinformation. The final conclusion is that the higher the level of general education means the higher the level of media competencies for deconstructing misinformation and resistance to such content.

Izvještavanje o osobama sa invaliditetom može kod novinara izazvati etičku i profesionalnu dilemu u kontekstu pristupa događaju ili temi. To je uglavnom determinisano predrasudama da osobe sa invaliditetom u medijskom prostoru treba tretirati na drugačiji način. Međutim, izvještavanje o osobama sa invaliditetom podrazumijeva poštovanje etičkih i profesionalnih standarda u novinarstvu, odnosno jednak pristup kao i drugim akterima događaja ili priče. Ne treba da invaliditet bude tema sam po sebi i da se osobe sa invaliditetom predstavljaju kao „jadne“ ili „superheroji“. Cilj rada je da se ukaže na to da osobe sa invaliditetom u medijima treba prikazivati na osnovu socijalnog modela invaliditeta koji fokus stavlja na društvo i aktivnosti koje su preduzete kako bi osobe sa invaliditetom bile ravnopravne. Kvantitativnom i kvalitativnom analizom sadržaja digitalnih medija u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) razmatrana je prisutnost osoba sa invaliditetom i zastupljenost socijalnog modela kao primjera inkluzivnih medijskih sadržaja. Uzorak za analizu sadržaja su digitalni formati vodećih javnih i komercijalnih, elektronskih i štampanih medija u BiH. Zaključuje se da proaktivno i konstruktivno medijsko izvještavanje, uz uvažavanje normativno utemeljenih etičkih i profesionalnih standarda o osobama sa invaliditetom, predstavlja jedan od primarnih preduslova za percepciju javnosti osoba sa invaliditetom kao jednakih i ravnopravnih članova društva.