Change detection (CD)¹ is an active remote sensing (RS) topic that has been adopted to monitor and understand the Earth’s surface and forest areas. Very high spatial resolution imagery has been combined with modern machine learning approaches to improve the quality of CD maps. Hyperspectral image² contains hundreds of narrow bands that provide spectral and spatial information. Recently, HSI had been extensively used in classification and object detection tasks. Traditional CD methods such as linear transformations, classification, and abnormality analysis were proposed originally for single or multispectral imageries. However, their performance is limited when applied to HSIs due to their high dimensionality. Recently, several attempts had been introduced; these include tensor factorization,³ orthogonal subspace mapping, multisource target feature support,⁴ mixed pixel decomposition,⁵ and independent component analysis.⁶

In recent years, face biometrics recognition systems are a wide space of a computer usage which is mostly employed for security purpose. The main purpose of the face biometrics recognition system is to authenticate a user from a given database. Due to the widespread expansion of the surveillance cameras and facial recognition technology, a robust face recognition system required. The recognition system needs to store a large number of training samples in any storage unit, that time hackers can access and control that data. So, Protecting and managing sensitive data is essential object. This requires a technique that preserve the privacy of individuals, maintain data integrity, and prevent information leakage. The storage of biometric templates on centralized servers has been associated with potential privacy risks. To address this issue, we have developed and implemented a proof-of-concept facial biometric identification system that uses a private Blockchain platform and smart contract technology. So, the proposed approach is presented a secure and tamper-proof from data breaches as well as hacks with data availability, by using the Blockchain platform to store face images. This paper aims to utilize Blockchain technology to identify individuals based on their biometric traits, specifically facial recognition system makes it tamper-proof (immutable) ensuring security. The system consists of enrolment and authentication phases. Blockchain technology uses peer-to-peer communication, cryptography, consensus processes, and smart contracts to ensure the security. The proposed approach was tested on two popular datasets: CelebFaces Attributes (CelebA) and large-scale face UTKFace datasets. The experimental results indicate that the system yields highly performance outcomes, as evidenced by the Equal Error Rate (EER) values of 0.05% and 0.07% obtained for the CelebA and UTKFace datasets, respectively. The system was compared to three baseline methods and scored the lowest Equal Error Rate.

The accurate identification of extreme weather events (EWEs), particularly cyclones, has become increasingly crucial due to the intensifying impacts of climate change. In the Indian subcontinent, the frequency and severity of cyclones have demonstrably risen, highlighting the need for reliable detection methods to minimize casualties and economic losses. However, the inherent limitations of low-resolution data pose significant challenges to traditional detection methods. Deep learning models offer a promising solution, enabling the precise identification of cyclone boundaries crucial for assessing regional impacts using global climate models data. By leveraging the power of deep learning, we can significantly enhance our capabilities for cyclone detection and contribute to improved risk mitigation strategies in the vulnerable Indian subcontinent. Therefore, this paper introduces an edge-enhanced super-resolution GAN (EESRGAN) leveraging an end-to-end detector network. The proposed approach comprised of a generator network equipped by residual-in-residual dense block (RRDB) and discriminator containing Faster RCNN detector. The precise patterns of cyclone had been effectively extracted to help boundary detection. Extensive experiments have been conducted on Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5.1) data taken into account only seven variables. Four matrices including precision, recall, intersection over union, and mean average precision have been considered to assess the proposed approach. The results have been found very effective while achieving accuracy up to 86.3% and average precision (AP) of 88.63%. Moreover, the proposed method demonstrates its superiority while compared with benchmarks object detectors methods. Thus, the proposed method can be employed in the area of extreme climate detection and could enrich the climate research domain.

Change Detection (CD) is a hot remote sensing topic where the change zones are highlighted by analyzing bi-temporal or multi-temporal images. Recently, Deep learning (DL) paved the road to implement various reliable change detection approaches that overcome traditional CD methods limitation. However, high performance DL based approaches have explosion number of parameters that demanded extensive computation and memory usage in addition to large volumes of training data. To address this issue, we proposed a teacher-student setting for remote sensing imagery change detection. To distill the knowledge from the over-parameterized Siamese teacher network, we proposed tiny student network that was trained using the obtained categorical distribution of probability from the teacher paired Softmax output at high temperature. Practical Swarm Optimization (PSO) was applied in order to optimally configure student architecture. Finally, ample experiments were conducted on LEVIR-CD dataset. Also, we introduced EGSAR-CD dataset, which contains of a large set of bi-temporal SAR images with 460 image pairs ( $256 \times 256$ ). Experiment results indicate that we can reach up to $5.4\times $ reduction rate in number of parameters with loss of accuracy between 5% and 6% on the LEVIR-CD and EGSAR-CD datasets utilizing self-knowledge distillation.