Sigmoid volvulus (SV) is extremely uncommon in children and is usually associated with a long-standing history of constipation or pseudo-obstruction. An early diagnosis and management are crucial in order to prevent the appearance of hemorrhagic infarction of the twisted loop, avoiding further complications such as necrosis, perforation and sepsis. In patients with no evidence of peritonitis or ischemic bowel, treatment starts with resuscitation and detorsion of the SV, accomplished by means of sigmoidoscopy and concomitant rectal tube placement. The bowel is then prepared and surgery is undertaken electively during the same hospitalization. We report a detailed review of the literature focusing on technical details, risks and benefits of endoscopic management of SV in childhood.

Role of preoperative tracheobronchoscopy in newborns with esophageal atresia: A review

Esophageal atresia is a relatively common congenital malformation occurring in 1:3000-4500 live births. Improvement in surgical, anesthetic and neonatal care has achieved a survival rate near 100% in infants weighing over 1500g and having no major cardiac problem. To achieve these outcomes, as well as a good surgical technique, careful preoperative management (early diagnosis, investigation of associated anomalies, suction of the upper pouch, prevention and treatment of gastric and bowel distension) and accurate postoperative care (postoperative analgesia and ventilation, management of trans-anastomotic and chest tube, prevention, early recognition and treatment of complications) are mandatory.