Background and Objectives: Periodontal surgery requires local anesthetic coverage to alleviate patient discomfort. Needles and injections can engender feelings of fear and anxiety in individuals. This study aimed to assess the level of comfort and anxiety in patients during the administration of local anesthesia using needleless jet anesthesia (JA) when compared to a conventional syringe (CS) in periodontal surgery. Method and Materials: 60 sites were designated for injection in a split-mouth design in 30 subjects who required periodontal surgery. Local anesthesia was administered in two appointments scheduled one week apart using either a JA system or a CS. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and Beck’s anxiety inventory were used to report the pain and anxiety levels while injecting local anesthesia. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the Shapiro–Wilks test and Paired t-test. Results: Patients reported greater comfort with JA. The VAS and VRS values were statistically significant—(p = 0.003) and (p = 0.001), respectively. Patients showed fear and were nervous about receiving a local anesthetic using a CS. A few subjects experienced lingering pain with the CS, whereas greater comfort and no lingering soreness were reported post-operatively at the site of JA administration. Conclusions: This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of using JA for periodontal surgical procedures. Lower pain scores were consistently observed with the use of jet injectors. Patients were at ease and reported lesser anxiety and greater comfort with jet injectors, making it ideally suited for providing local anesthesia in periodontal surgery.

The study aims to assess the efficacy of using collagen membrane in the treatment of distal periodontal defects of mandibular second molars following the removal of mesioangularly or horizontally impacted mandibular third molars surgically. Forty sites in twenty patients with bilaterally impacted mandibular third molars (mesioangular or horizontal) were considered for the study. In 20 test sites (Group A), after surgical removal of the mandibular third molar, a resorbable collagen membrane barrier was placed on the distal aspect of the mandibular second molar to cover the post-surgical bone defect. In the other control 20 sites (Group B), the same surgical procedure was repeated without placing any membrane barrier. The clinical parameters recorded were Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic assessment of alveolar bone level (ABL). OHI-S score of most of the patients was observed to be satisfactory. Group A was observed to achieve a statistically significant reduction in PPD, CAL, and ABL gain compared to Group B. The improvements indicated that the use of collagen membrane facilitates early wound stabilization and promotes primary closure of the defect. This recovery is achieved through its unique property to assist fibrinogenesis over osteoconduction. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

Nanotechnology presents a promising approach for managing chronic periodontitis, a common oral disease characterized by gum inflammation and loss of supporting bone around teeth. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of acerola-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) gel and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) gel in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes. The antimicrobial efficacy of acerola-mediated AgNPs gel and CuONPs nanogel was assessed using the agar well diffusion technique, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) analysis, time-kill curve assay, and cytoplasmic and protein leakage analysis from periodontitis patients with and without diabetes. The study found that acerola-mediated AgNPs gel demonstrated more consistent and effective antimicrobial activity against periodontitis, with lower MIC and MBC values compared to the CuONPs gel, across all tested concentrations. These results suggest that acerola-mediated AgNPs gel may be a more effective and targeted therapeutic agent for periodontal disease management. The findings emphasize the importance of nanoparticle gel concentration in optimizing periodontal treatment outcomes. Acerola-mediated AgNPs gel, with its superior efficacy and consistency in bactericidal activity, shows significant potential for periodontal therapy. Innovative nanoparticles like copper and silver oxides exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making them promising agents for targeting periodontal pathogens. Acerola (Malpighia emarginata), with its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties, is beneficial in mitigating oxidative stress associated with chronic periodontitis.

Gingival aesthetics, integral to a smile's attractiveness, can be significantly impacted by pigmentation. Melanin, produced by melanocytes, contributes to this pigmentation, which can be addressed through various depigmentation techniques. This study aims to compare the efficacy of conventional scalpel and diode laser methods for gingival depigmentation using RGB photographic analysis. This split-mouth, randomized controlled trial involved five participants with bilateral maxillary gingival hyperpigmentation. One sextant per participant was treated with a scalpel (Group 1), and the contralateral sextant was treated with a diode laser (940 nm) (Group 2). Parameters assessed included intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain (VAS), wound healing (Wound Healing Index), and pigmentation (Dummett Oral Pigmentation Index). RGB photographic analysis was used to quantify colour changes. No significant difference was observed in intraoperative bleeding between the groups (p = 0.31). Postoperative pain was significantly lower in Group 2 on Day 1 (p = 0.01), though this difference was not significant by Day 7 (p = 0.25). Wound healing scores were comparable at 7 days and 6 months but were significantly better in Group 2 at 12 months (p = 0.01). Pigmentation reduction was significantly greater in Group 2 at 6 months (p = 0.01), but the difference was not significant at 12 months (p = 1.00). RGB analysis revealed that Group 2 achieved superior control of pigmentation, with significant differences in red, green, and blue values at multiple time points (p < 0.001). Diode laser treatment (Group 2) demonstrated superior aesthetic outcomes and reduced postoperative pain compared to the scalpel technique (Group 1), along with more effective long-term pigmentation control. RGB analysis provided valuable objective data supporting these findings.

Background: The tropical plant acerola of the genus Malpighia includes shrubs and trees with fruit that is high in nutrients and bioactive chemicals. Acerola stands out due to its exceptionally high ascorbic acid content, ranging from 1500 to 4500 mg/100 g. Vitamin C intake greatly influences gingival health. The addition of nanoparticles along with vitamin C-rich acerola exhibits high antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties, thereby positively improving gingival health. Method: The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extracts of the acerola plant ( Malpighia emarginata) ) were assessed. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were synthesized using the aqueous extract of acerola cherry gel by the phytogenic fabrication method. The antioxidant potential of silver and copper nanoparticles was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2'-azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and nitric oxide scavenging activities. Results: Increasing concentrations of nanoparticles showed an increase in scavenging activity. Overall, CuONPs and AgNPs exhibited remarkable radical quenching efficacies. The anti-inflammatory effectiveness of CuONPs and AgNPs was monitored, showing suppression of protein denaturation as demonstrated by bovine serum albumin (BSA), egg albumin (EA), and membrane stabilization assays. The results revealed that increasing the doses of CuONPs and AgNPs had a positive impact on the anti-inflammatory activity of the nanoparticles. Conclusion: The present study revealed that both nanoparticles provided better antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. This study also elaborates on the pharmacological potential of both nanoparticles, which could be further explored for application in all healthcare sectors.

Periodontal and per-implant microsurgery have revolutionized the field of dental surgery, enabling precise and minimally invasive procedures with improved outcomes. The advent of microsurgical instruments, enhanced magnification systems, and specialized suturing techniques has allowed clinicians to achieve superior aesthetic and functional results while minimizing patient discomfort and morbidity. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as digital planning and guided surgery have complemented microsurgical techniques, enabling more predictable outcomes and patient-centered treatment approaches. The review aims to discuss the principles of microsurgery, including flap design, tissue handling, and suture placement, and explores their applications in the management of mucogingival defects and periimplantitis. Continued research and clinical advancements in this field are essential to further enhance treatment outcomes and refine surgical protocols for the benefit of patients and practitioners.