Background: The incidence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is increasing worldwide, contributing to 70–85% of kidney cancer cases. Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death and could predict prognoses in cancers. Here, we developed a ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNA (FRlncRNA) signature to improve the prognostic prediction of ccRCC.Methods: The transcriptome profiles of FRlncRNAs and clinical data of ccRCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and ICGC databases. Patients were randomly assigned to training cohorts, testing cohorts, and overall cohorts. The FRlncRNA signature was constructed by Lasso regression and Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan–Meier (K-M) analysis was used to access the prognosis of each group. The accuracy of this signature was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The visualization of functional enrichment was carried out by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Internal and external datasets were performed to verify the FRlncRNA signature.Results: A FRlncRNA signature comprising eight lncRNAs (AL590094.1, LINC00460, LINC00944, AC024060.1, HOXB-AS4, LINC01615, EPB41L4A-DT, and LINC01550) was identified. Patients were divided into low- and high-risk groups according to the median risk score, in which the high-risk group owned a dramatical shorter survival time than that of the low-risk group. Through ROC analysis, it was found that this signature had a greater predictive capability than traditional evaluation methods. The risk score was an independent risk factor for overall survival suggested by multivariate Cox analysis (HR = 1.065, 95%CI = 1.036–1.095, and p < 0.001). We constructed a clinically predictive nomogram based on this signature and its clinical features, which is of accurate prediction about the survival rate of patients. The GSEA showed that primary pathways were the P53 signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor–mediated signaling pathway. The major FRlncRNAs (LINC00460, LINC00944, LINC01550, and EPB41L4A-DT) were verified with the prognosis of ccRCC in the GEPIA and K-M Plotter databases. Their major target genes (BNIP3, RRM2, and GOT1) were closely related to the stage, grade, and survival outcomes of ccRCC by the validation of multiple databases. Additionally, we found two groups had a significant distinct pattern of immune function, immune checkpoint, and immune infiltration, which may lead to different survival benefits.Conclusions: The FRlncRNA signature was accurate and act as reliable tools for predicting clinical outcomes and the immune microenvironment of patients with ccRCC, which may be molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Purpose. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with bladder cancer (BC) by ferroptosis-related long noncoding RNAs (FRlncRNAs) signature. Methods. We obtained FRlncRNAs expression profiles and clinical data of patients with BC from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. The patients were divided into the training set, testing set, and overall set. Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to establish the FRlncRNAs signature, the prognosis of each group was compared by Kaplan–Meier (K-M) analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluated the accuracy of the model. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used for the visualization of the functional enrichment for FRlncRNAs. The databases of GEPIA and K-M Plotter were used for subsequent functional analysis of major FRlncRNAs. Results. Thirteen prognostic FRlncRNAs (LINC00942, MAFG-DT, AL049840.3, AL136084.3, OCIAD1-AS1, AC062017.1, AC008074.2, AC018653.3, AL031775.1, USP30-AS1, LINC01767, AC132807.2, and AL354919.2) were identified to be significantly different, constituting an FRlncRNAs signature. Patients with BC were divided into low-risk group and high-risk group by this signature in the training, testing, and overall sets. K-M analysis showed that the prognosis of patients in the high-risk group was poor and the difference in the subgroup analyses was statistically significant. ROC analysis revealed that the predictive ability of the model was more accurate than traditional assessment methods. A risk score based on FRlncRNAs signature was an independent prognostic factor for the patients with BC (HR = 1.388, 95%CI = 1.228–1.568, ). Combining the FRlncRNAs signature and clinicopathological factors, a predictive nomogram was constructed. The nomogram can accurately predict the overall survival of patients and had high clinical practicability. The GSEA analysis showed that the primary pathways were WNT, MAPK, and cell-matrix adhesion signaling pathways. The major FRlncRNAs (MAFG-DT) were associated with poor prognosis in the GEPIA and K-M Plotter database. Conclusion. Thirteen prognostic FRlncRNAs and their nomogram were accurate tools for predicting the OS of BC, which might be molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Background. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of mirabegron (50 mg daily) as a medical expulsive therapy for ureteral stones in adults. Materials and Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to July 2021 to collect the clinical trials. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies by using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for the meta‐analysis. Results. A total of four studies were included, involving 398 patients: 197 patients in mirabegron group and 201 patients in control group. The meta‐analysis showed that the stone expulsion rate was higher in the mirabegron group than in the control group (OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.33 to 3.40; p = 0.002). Subgroup analysis identified that the stone expulsion rate of patients with stone size <5/6 mm was significantly higher than that of patients with stone size ≥5/6 mm (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.72; p = 0.006). But no significant difference was identified between the mirabegron group and the control group for the stone expulsion interval (MD: −1.16, 95% CI: −3.56 to 1.24; p = 0.35). In terms of pain episodes, the mirabegron group was significantly lower than that of the control group (MD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.50 to 0.19; p < 0.0001). Conclusions. The medical expulsive therapy with mirabegron had a significant effect in improving the stone expulsion rate for patients with ureteral stones, especially in those whose stone size <5/6 mm. Mirabegron had no effect on the stone expulsion interval but did decrease the pain episodes.

Aim To evaluate the effect of “on-demand” use of tramadol vs “on-demand” use of paroxetine in the management of patients with premature ejaculation (PE). Materials and Methods A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library databases and original references of the included articles was performed. PRISMA checklist was followed. The Cochrane Handbook was used to evaluate the quality of the included research. Results A total of seven articles including 663 patients were studied. The results indicated that patients who received on-demand therapy of tramadol or paroxetine showed significant improvement compared with those treated with placebo, as assessed by intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) (P<0.00001 and P=0.02, respectively) and sexual satisfaction score (P<0.00001 and P<0.00001, respectively). Furthermore, Patients who treated with on-demand tramadol had the better effect than those treated with on-demand paroxetine in respects of IELT (P=0.01) and sexual satisfaction score (P=0.03). With regard to safety, the most common adverse event for the tramadol group was sleep disturbance and the most common adverse event for the paroxetine group was headache. No serious adverse event was observed in both groups. Conclusions Compared with placebo, on-demand therapy of tramadol or paroxetine showed the better improvements of IELT and sexual satisfaction score. Besides, on-demand tramadol revealed the better effect than on-demand paroxetine for patients with PE, and patients in both groups showed good tolerance.

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of antimuscarinics for the prevention or treatment of catheter related bladder discomfort (CRBD). Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (from 1987 to July 2021) were used to search randomized controlled trials. The PRISMA checklists were followed. RevMan5.4.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Eleven studies involving 1165 patients were involved in the analysis. The study reported that the incidence of CRBD observed in the antimuscarinics group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 0-, 1-, 2-, and 6-h after drug therapy (P = 0.001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0005, and P = 0.001, respectively). For side effects, there were not statistical differences between the antimuscarinics group and the control group, mainly including dry mouth (risk ratio (RR) = 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95 to 1.80, P = 0.09), postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.90, P = 0.87), facial flushing (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.43 to 2.61, P = 0.90), and blurred vision (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.35 to 2.58, P = 0.91). Besides, rescue analgesics were required less in the antimuscarinics group than in the control group (RR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.80, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Compared with the control group, the antimuscarinics group had a significant improvement on CRBD, the patients were well tolerated and the use rate of rescue analgesics was low.