Today, in developing countries, women's need to be present in urban public spaces and the establishment of everyday social interactions seem to be ignored more than other groups. Therefore, the present study aims to achieve the environmental components related to women’s presence in urban spaces and prioritize them. In this study, by scrutinizing the criteria obtained from the interviews, a questionnaire was prepared and randomly distributed among 256 women in the population. IBM SPSS has been used to analyze the data and explain the priorities. The results of the T-test show that security (T-value = 6.508 in T1 test), compatibility with behavioral patterns (T-value = 4.975 in T2 test), eventuality (T-value = 11.064 in T3 test), permeability (T-value = 10.220 in T4 test), attention to climate (T-value = 5.692 in T5 test), liberty (T-value = 11.184 in T6 test), collective memory (T-value = 7.367 in T7 test), variety (T-value = 1.816 in T8 test), complexity (T-value = 13.228 in T9 test), and identity (T-value of 18.905 in T10 test) are the most important criteria in motivating presence in urban public spaces, respectively. According to the results, among the individual characteristics of the respondents, the components of collective memory (r = 0.805), identity (r = 0.784), liberty (r = 0.703), and safety and security (r = 0.644) have had a positive correlation with the age of the respondents. The results of this study indicated that improving security (individual, social, and psychological) is the main environmental priority for women over 18 to be present in urban public spaces.

One of the most important issues in urban studies relating to climate and environmental sustainability is the analysis of the thermal conditions of urban public spaces, especially urban streets, since this issue seems to affect the comfort of citizens using such spaces. Thus, the main aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of streetscape parameters on the thermal comfort of citizens using urban streets in a hot summer and in a hot semi-arid climate. For this purpose, Karimkhan-e-Zand Street in Shiraz, Iran, was selected as the case study. The selected street is a historical and popular public space of Shiraz. In the present study, using physical and micro-climatic data analyzed in ENVI-met v4 software, the thermal comfort conditions of Karimkhan-e-Zand in Shiraz on 10 July were simulated during the hottest day of the year. Furthermore, the relationships between physical street parameters and micro-climatic parameters and their effects on the thermal comfort index (PMV) were investigated through running a set of regressions in STATA 14 and analysis of ENVI-met v4 output maps. The results of the present study show that the thermal comfort of the citizens, which is determined by the PMV index values, is in very poor condition in almost all the studied hours, and the air temperature has the greatest effect compared to other micro-climatic parameters on the PMV index. The results of present study also show a significant relationship between the sky view factor and mean radiant temperature, as well as between the surface albedo and relative humidity. Furthermore, the type of vegetation and the aspect ratio of the street affect the level of increase in thermal comfort on the street.

Background: Hormone therapy is commonly used to treat breast cancer but can cause mood disorders and sleep disturbances, negatively impacting patients' well-being. Objectives: This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin on sleep problems and mood changes in breast cancer patients undergoing hormone therapy. Methods: The study was conducted at Omid Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design. Participants were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and were randomly assigned to receive either 6 mg of melatonin or a placebo daily for 4 weeks. Sleep quality, depression levels, and mood states were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaires at the beginning and end of the 4-week follow-ups. Results: Sixty participants (34 in the melatonin group and 26 in the placebo group) completed the study. Melatonin administration significantly improved sleep quality, latency, duration, and reduced the use of sleep-promoting medication, according to the PSQI scores. However, there were no significant improvements in depression severity or mood disorders, as assessed by the CES-D and POMS questionnaires, in either group following the 4-week melatonin supplementation period. Conclusions: Melatonin supplementation effectively alleviated sleep disturbances caused by hormone therapy in breast cancer patients. However, the study did not find substantial evidence supporting the use of melatonin for improving mood disorders or depression in this specific context.

Ecological Quality Improvement of Urban Landscapes with Emphasis on Sustainable Development Principles Case Study: River of Darabad Valley, Tehran, Iran

Rapid urbanization has increased private vehicle usage, generating intense parking demand in congested cities like Shiraz, Iran. The spatial distribution of parking is thus critical to sustainable urban transport, as a misalignment with local demand leads to prolonged travel times, higher fuel consumption costs, and elevated pollution, thereby impeding sustainable transportation planning. In this study, we aim to develop a statistical framework to assess equity in parking distribution in an urban context and address two core questions: how parking supply correlates with local demand and what the equity implications of this distribution are. To achieve this, we employ spatial statistical methods (ANNI, Kernel Density, and Moran’s I) and correlation analysis to examine parking supply and demand across 56 districts of Shiraz. Our analysis reveals statistically significant yet weak correlations between parking capacity and demand, indicating supply-demand mismatches across city zones that result in extended search times, increased congestion, higher fuel consumption, and amplified environmental impacts, thereby perpetuating socio-economic inequities. Overall, the innovation of this article lies in integrating spatial statistical methods with supplementary analyses as a framework to evaluate parking distribution, bridging the gap between quantitative descriptive analysis and justice-based assessments in the context of parking planning in an Iranian city.