Supervised disambiguation using a large amount of corpus data delivers better performance than other word sense disambiguation methods. However, it is not easy to construct large-scale, sense-tagged corpora since this requires high cost and time. On the other hand, implementing unsupervised disambiguation is relatively easy, although most of the efforts have not been satisfactory. A primary reason for the performance degradation of unsupervised disambiguation is that the semantic occurrence probability of ambiguous words is not available. Hence, a data deficiency problem occurs while determining the dependency between words. This paper proposes an unsupervised disambiguation method using a prior probability estimation based on the Korean WordNet. This performs better than supervised disambiguation. In the Korean WordNet, all the words have similar semantic characteristics to their related words. Thus, it is assumed that the dependency between words is the same as the dependency between their related words. This resolves the data deficiency problem by determining the dependency between words by calculating the ${\chi }^2$ statistic between related words. Moreover, in order to have the same effect as using the semantic occurrence probability as prior probability, which is used in supervised disambiguation, semantically related words of ambiguous vocabulary are obtained and utilized as prior probability data. An experiment was conducted with Korean, English, and Chinese to evaluate the performance of our proposed lexical disambiguation method. We found that our proposed method had better performance than supervised disambiguation methods even though our method is based on unsupervised disambiguation (using a knowledge-based approach).

In this paper, we describe a text-to-animation framework for TV weather forecast sign language presentation. To this end, we analyzed the last three years’ weather forecast scripts to obtain the frequency of each word and determine the order of motion capture. About 500 sign language words were chosen and motion-captured for the weather forecast purpose, in addition to the existing 2,700 motions prebuilt for daily life. Words that are absent in the sign language dictionary are replaced with synonyms registered in KorLex, the Korean Wordnet, to improve the translation performance. The weather forecast with sign language is serviced via the Internet in an on-demand manner and can be viewed by PC or mobile devices.

This paper highlights the significance of safety and reliability in modern industries, particularly in sectors like petroleum and LNG, where safety valves play a critical role in ensuring system safety under extreme conditions. To enhance the reliability of these valves, this study aims to develop a deep learning-based prognostics and health management (PHM) model. Past empirical methods have limitations, driving the need for data-driven prediction models. The proposed model monitors safety valve performance, detects anomalies in real time, and prevents accidents caused by system failures. The research focuses on collecting sensor data, analyzing trends for lifespan prediction and normal operation, and integrating data for anomaly detection. This study compares related research and existing models, presents detailed results, and discusses future research directions. Ultimately, this research contributes to the safe operation and anomaly detection of pilot-operated cryogenic safety valves in industrial settings.

Recent advances in deep learning have highlighted the importance of Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) conversion in natural language processing and speech synthesis. Korean frequently exhibits complex phonological changes such as liaison, initial sound law, and consonant assimilation, making it challenging to handle all exceptional patterns with simple models alone. In this paper, we propose integrating an autoregressive (AR) model with a phonological knowledge base that leverages standard pronunciation rules and a pre-analyzed dictionary, and conduct systematic comparisons with non-autoregressive (NAR) variants to validate the effectiveness of sequential processing for Korean G2P. Experimental results show that a BiLSTM-LSTM AR model based on ELECTRA embeddings achieves a phoneme error rate (PER) of 0.2%, word error rate (WER) of 0.68%, and a sentence accuracy of 95.16%, outperforming both a traditional rule-based approach (24.51% sentence accuracy) and non-autoregressive variants implemented on the same dataset (achieving 81.32%-85.72% sentence accuracy). When syllable constraints are introduced, accuracy significantly improves to 95.41% (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, incorporating a pre-analyzed dictionary enhances the handling of neologisms and proper nouns without substantially increasing inference time. Through comprehensive same-dataset comparisons between AR and NAR approaches, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining AR models with phonological knowledge bases in Korean G2P, with AR models consistently outperforming NAR variants by 3.12-8.04% in sentence accuracy, while identifying key challenges including rule conflicts and handling multiple standard pronunciations. The methodology and findings provide a generalizable framework for other morpho-phonologically complex languages.

Table question answering has been studied using datasets drawn from a variety of tabular sources and task formats. However, most publicly available resources have been created in high-resource languages such as English. For low-resource languages, researchers are often required to construct new datasets or translate existing ones, which incurs substantial time, effort, and financial cost. In contrast to natural language text, table data consists of structured entries whose interpretation is less affected by language-specific syntax or word order. In this work, we present a cost-effective strategy for multilingual table QA that relies on selectively translating only the questions of existing datasets. Leveraging the language-agnostic structure of tables, our approach maintains the original table content while translating queries into multiple target languages. To address possible performance drops caused by using table data in the source language rather than the target language, we apply cross-lingual adaptation techniques using contrastive learning and adversarial training. In addition, to strengthen reasoning ability while avoiding degradation in languages not seen during pre-training, we perform supplementary pre-training of a RoBERTa-based multilingual encoder with SQL-derived table data. Finally, we extend our investigation beyond encoder-based architectures and evaluate decoder-only large language models under the same multilingual table QA setting. The experiments show that LLaMA-3 models exhibit strong cross-lingual generalization even without using translated table context and often achieve competitive performance using only Korean table data. Moreover, the performance gap among training configurations such as translated queries or translated datasets is notably smaller compared to encoder-based models, highlighting the inherent multilingual robustness of modern LLMs. We further evaluate LLaMA-3 models on domain-specific table datasets and observe that domain knowledge acquired from Korean tables transfers effectively across languages even without multilingual supervision, underscoring the potential of LLMs for specialized multilingual table reasoning. These findings demonstrate that LLMs can serve as an effective alternative for multilingual table QA, particularly in low-resource or partially translated environments.

소셜 네트워크 서비스(SNS)를 이용한 의사소통이 폭발적으로 증가함에 따라 메신저 기능을 통해 텍스트 데이터가 방대하게 발생하고 있다. 반면 최근 자연어 처리(Natural Language Processing) 분야의 발전으로 감성 분류, 욕설 탐지, 챗봇 등 다양한 애플리케이션이 개발되어 제공되고 있으나, 한국어 구어체 텍스트에서 발화자의 성별, 연령대와 같은 저자의 다양한 특징을 분류하려는 시도는 전무한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 한국어 구어체를 활용하여 저자 프로파일링을 위한 성별 분류 모델을 제안한다. 발화자의 성별 분류를 위해 카카오톡 대화 데이터를 기반으로, 한국어 댓글로 학습한 KcBERT(Korean Comments BERT)에 일상대화와 유사한 ‘네이트판(Nate Pan)’ 데이터를 추가로 학습하여 Domain Adaptation을 진행한다. 그 후 어휘 외적인 정보를 결합한 모델로 실험한 결과 약 95%의 정확도를 달성하여 성능이 향상 됨을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 Domain Adaptation을 위해 자체 수집한 ‘네이트판(Nate Pan)’ 데이터 세트와 국립국어원 제공 데이터 세트를 활용하고, 모델의 학습과 평가를 위해서 AI HUB의 ‘한국어 SNS’ 데이터 세트를 이용한다.