The study attempted to identify how ESG (Environment, Social, Governance) activities affect firm value depending on the industrial environment to which the entity belongs, taking into account industrial characteristic factors that may affect the activities and performance of the entity from a strategic perspective. In order to analyze ESG activities, sustainability report data of South Korea containing ESG information of 87 domestic companies for the period 2002–2020 were collected, and then the effect of ESG according to industrial characteristics on firm value was investigated in depth. The empirical results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that ESG was found to have a positive effect on the firm value. Second, we found that industrial concentration and industrial growth rate, which are industrial characteristic variables, moderate the relationship between ESG and firm value. Through this study, it was possible to identify the importance of the industrial environment surrounding the company in enhancing firm value through ESG activities and to confirm its influence. These results may suggest which ESG strategy directions are needed internally according to the characteristics of the industry in which the company is engaged. We hoped that this study will serve as a stepping stone to broaden the scope of business management research on ESG and to contribute to the field of business strategy, subsequently contributing to the development of ESG in the future.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate gender gaps in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship and illuminate the underlying mechanism of why women are less likely to create ventures in order to take advantage of the opportunity than men.Design/methodology/approach: By drawing on human/social capital theory and expanding extant gender-related entrepreneurship literature, this study addresses how human and social capital mediates the relationship between gender and opportunity-driven entrepreneurship. A sample of 115,367 individuals across 62 countries drawn from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor of 2016 was examined using multilevel logistic regression and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) mediation analysis.Findings: Findings of this study demonstrate that women’s lack of entrepreneurial relevant knowledge and skills, intrapreneurship experience as well as social networks with other entrepreneurs contribute to women’s less likelihood of engaging in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship than their male counterparts.Originality/value: Compared to previous research mainly investigating macro-level determinants, this study further explores the explanatory factors affecting gender gaps in opportunity-driven entrepreneurship from the individual level. The findings provide an implication for public policy and give a direction to rethinking how to promote opportunity-driven entrepreneurship, especially for that led by women.

This study aims to examine how perceived justice affects downsizing survivors’ attitudes, from the psychological contract perspective. By using data collected through surveys from employees of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) who have recently survived layoffs, we examine the relationships between perceived justice, the survivors’ psychological status, and their attitudes after downsizing. The hypothesis was verified through path analysis using SPSS 26.0 and Amos 23.0. Our findings are as follows. Perceived justice has a negative effect on psychological contract violation and a positive effect on trust. Psychological contract violation influences affective commitment negatively and influences turnover intention positively. Trust is positively related to affective commitment and negatively related to turnover intention. We hope that this study will be a useful piece of data that can provide guidelines for inducing positive behavior of members in downsized organizations.

The Korean economy has gone through rapid economic development and government policies have supported export and global expansion. As a result, Korean firms faced with resource deficiency domestically have actively engaged in international alliances to secure resources from foreign firms. As Korean firms have accelerated their globalization, they became vulnerable to unprecedented external shocks such as the Asian economic crisis in late 1997. This study examines the impact of the crisis on international alliance activity of Korean firms. Changes in partner's nationality, alliance goal, and frequencies in high-tech and low-tech industries are compared between the pre-crisis and the post-crisis periods.