This study proposes a conflict analysis framework to investigate how conflict occurs and what causes conflict by considering the characteristics of public infrastructure projects. The conflict occurrence process over construction projects was structured as four stages based on the paradigm model approach of grounded theory. Two types of Korean cases (the first one is linear facilities and the second one is clustered facilities) were analyzed using the proposed framework. The study examined that each infrastructure type has its own pattern during conflict occurrences, with the impact of conflict factors also varying significantly. The results showed that the “procedure of deciding facility’s location and its route” is commonly extracted as a major factor. For linear infrastructure facilities, “the validity of the public engagement process” and “technical alternatives to mitigate conflict” were distilled as major factors. In contrast, “environmental and ecological concerns in the early site selection phase,” because the facility required a large amount of territory, was identified as more important for clustered infrastructure facilities. This framework is expected to be useful for conflict analysis from the early stage of public projects, according to the inherent characteristics of the given infrastructure project.

To mitigate the environmental problems caused by global warming and climate change, many countries agree that reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is mandatory. Against this backdrop, the construction industry has continuously attempted to reduce or mitigate the GHG emissions from construction projects. However, most green technology (GT) applications remain more focused on building projects and are largely limited to the operation and maintenance phases. Addressing this issue, this research proposes a sustainable performance index (SPI) for assessments of GTs related to urban infrastructures from the early stages of a project lifecycle. First, 31 infrastructure-related GTs are presented from a literature review. Second, the SPI, including environmental, economic, and social categories and 12 subfactors, is established using the fuzzy–analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy-AHP) method that functions well in eliminating the ambiguity and uncertainty in the weighting of the SPI factors. The illustrative case application shows that the SPI is expected to support decision-making processes for selecting the proper GTs and to provide a balanced view that accounts for economic and social impacts on the early planning stages of urban infrastructure projects.

Many countries use financial aids to expedite public-private partnership (PPP) projects, depending on their financial status and/or demand for additional infrastructure. Minimum revenue guarantees (MRGs) are one financial aid option that costs the Korean government US$2.7 billion in liabilities annually. To reduce these considerable expenditures, this study proposes resolving financial conflicts using a three-phase game framework with a bargaining phase, a ratification phase, and a decision-making phase. The first two phases are adopted from traditional two-level game theory, and the last phase is added to support sequential negotiations and multiple buyers. To confirm the usability of proposed framework, the authors conduct illustrative case applications with two representative real-life PPP cases. Case 1 shows that qualitative bargaining power can be accurately quantified, and Case 2 demonstrates that empirically calculated values can be used in negotiation practice. The framework proposed in this study reduces the range of negotiation, the time required to negotiate, and the damage caused by conflicts. Additionally, the frame is expected to support strategic negotiations and well-structured decisions in financial conflicts between key stakeholders.

This study presents a real options-based framework for investment in land and water solar power projects in the idle areas of agricultural dams. The following four-step framework was verified through a case study conducted in South Korea: (1) select the location and size of the project; (2) define uncertainties in the project data (construction cost, O&M cost, sunshine hours, and mechanical efficiency) and market data (inflation, discount rate, risk-free interest rate, and electricity selling price); (3) estimate cash flow and project volatility to calculate the option value using a binomial tree model; and (4) make decisions regarding project investment. A case study was conducted for the Naju Agricultural Dam (NAD) project, which has a net present value of −6.67 million USD, but will have a profit of 38.17 million USD after an abandonment option is applied using the proposed framework. Our contributions provide a framework for evaluating the economic feasibility of installing solar projects in idle areas of agricultural dams and for improving the profitability of solar projects using the abandonment option. The proposed framework can assist investors in planning solar projects in idle areas of agricultural dams.

This paper presents an economic feasibility analysis for constructing a 100 MW floating solar power plant in Korea aimed at utilizing idle water spaces to mitigate geographical limitations for large-scale renewable energy projects. Employing both Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis and Real Options Analysis (ROA), the study evaluates the economic viability and strategic flexibility of the project under future market uncertainties. The DCF method reveals an NPV of 11,863,000 USD and a B/C ratio of 1.1, indicating baseline feasibility. However, the ROA demonstrates the value of adaptive strategies, with real option values showing that plant expansion (to 200 MW) is economically advantageous under favorable conditions. This approach supports strategic decision-making aligned with Korea’s renewable energy targets. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating market uncertainties into feasibility assessments and proposes detailed strategies for expanding renewable energy generation.

This study evaluates the economic feasibility of offshore wind farm development on idle coastal areas in Korea, focusing on the Wando Geumil Offshore Wind Farm (GOWF) as a representative case. Offshore wind farms are increasingly recognized as key contributors to achieving carbon neutrality, and Korea’s coastal idle zones offer strategic potential for large-scale deployment with minimal land-use conflict. To address market uncertainty—particularly the sensitivity of revenues to the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) weight—this research applies both the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method and Real Options Analysis (ROA), incorporating expansion and contraction scenarios. Using eleven years of historical System Marginal Price (SMP) and REC data, we estimate price volatility via a Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) model (σ = 23.04%). The DCF results indicate a negative Net Present Value (NPV) of −313.7 million USD, suggesting baseline infeasibility. In contrast, ROA adds strategic value, with the expansion option yielding 69.6 million USD and the contraction option 2.1 million USD in additional project value. These findings demonstrate that integrating policy-driven revenue uncertainty into ROA substantially alters investment recommendations, offering practical guidance for optimizing offshore wind farm deployment on Korea’s idle coastal sites.