Artono A, et al. Infect Chemother. 2025 Mar;57:e20. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2024.0062

Hearing impairment in children could be identified by several methods of hearing test. The conventional whispered test is designed with the distance of 6 meters measurement. There is a need to get smaller examination room, then there is a method to modify the distance. this method is Modified Whispered Test, that is quite practical, simple and can be performed in smaller room and for the large groups. The study was designed to know whether the modified whispered test was sensitive or not to screen the hearing impairment among the elementary school students. This study will improve the program of early detection of the hearing impairment among the elementary school students in Surabaya Indonesia. A cross sectional study of 100 elementary school students has been conducted at Sekolah Dasar Negeri Kali Rungkut I, II and III Surabaya. The study was analyzed the validity of whispered test compare to the gold standard, Audiometry. The population-based sample of 100 children (aged 6 to l3 years), was taken randomly and proportionally from the 1^st to 6^th grade students. It was concluded that the modified whispered test applicable for screening of hearing impairment among elementary school children, with 80% sensitivity, 95,2% specificity and 0,752 Youden Index on 41-55 dB degree of hearing loss (Moderate Hearing Loss). Further Studies of hearing impaired children are necessary to plan preventive and curative program.

Background: Hearing loss due to impaired cochlear function, which results from increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, is one of the important clinical problems in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with uremia. This study aims to determine correlation between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) dysfunction in non-dialysis stage 3-5 CKD patients so that the BUN levels may also be used to determine the presence of cochlear OHC dysfunction. Design and methods: An observational analytic study with a cross sectional design and consecutive sampling. This study was conducted from November 2019 to February 2020 at the Department of Internal Medicine, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, and Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Non-dialysis CKD patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to a Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) test to assess cochlear OHC function at the Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Results: Female patients were in larger number than male patients in a ratio of 1 : 2. Most of the patients were between 51-60 years of age. DPOAE distribution was refer in 25 patients (83.3%) and pass in 5 patients (16.7%). The highest pass was at 2000 Hz in 24 patients (80.0%), while the refer results were mostly at 12,000 Hz in 29 patients (96.7%). The highest average signal to noise ratio (SNR) was at 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz (12.77 dB and 11.13 dB), while the lowest at 11,000 Hz and 12,000 Hz (1.60 dB and 1.03 dB). Pearson's correlation test on DPOAE results did not show a significant correlation (p>0.05) between BUN levels and impaired cochlear OHC function. Conclusions: There was no correlation between increased blood urea nitrogen levels and cochlear outer hair cell function disorders in non-dialysis patients with CKD stage 3-5.

Background: Definition of Congenital Ruben Syndrome (CRS): a disease caused by rubella virus infection. Routine surveil- lance of CRS is part of a government pro- gram in documenting the incidence of CRS so that infants with CRS are diagnosed promptly and receive appropriate care. Objective: This study aims to repodiology Outpatient General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.Method: A descriptive study from CRS surveillance data for the period from January 1st until December 31rd, 2015. Data was from Infants who came to the Audiology Outpatient General Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya and did hearing and serological examination. Results: A total of 65 infants were involved in surveillance. The highest num- ber of patients was the age group 1- Conclusions: This study shows that hearing impairment is the most common clinical symptom with most bilateral hear- ing loss. The supervision still needs to be continued to capture more CRS cases in the community and effective supervision to detect hearing impairment early.