Due to the intensification of the greenhouse effect and the emphasis on the utilization of CO₂ resources, the enrichment and separation of CO₂ have become a current research focus in the environment and energy. Compared with other technologies, pressure swing adsorption has the advantages of low cost and high efficiency and has been widely used. The design and preparation of high-efficiency adsorbents is the core of the pressure swing adsorption technology. Therefore, high-performance porous CO₂ adsorption materials have attracted increasing attention. Porous adsorption materials with high specific surface area, high CO₂ adsorption capacity, low regeneration energy, good cycle performance, and moisture resistance have been focused on. This article summarizes the optimization of CO₂ adsorption by porous adsorption materials and then applies them to the field of CO₂ adsorption. The internal laws between the pore structure, surface chemistry, and CO₂ adsorption performance of porous adsorbent materials are discussed. Further development requirements and research focus on porous adsorbent materials for CO₂ treatment in industrial waste gas are prospected. The structural design of porous carbon adsorption materials is still the current research focus. With the requirements of applications and environmental conditions, the integrity, mechanical strength and water resistance of high-performance materials need to be met.

Context: ‘Happy River’ is a new goal of river management in the new era of China. Aims: To quantitatively evaluate the status of ‘Happy River’. Methods: The evaluation model of ‘Happy River Index’ was established in this study through the analytic hierarchy process according to the three levels of ‘objective–criterion–index’. The criterion layer includes the following five parts (including weights): water protection (0.25), ecological construction (0.22), landscape aesthetics (0.20), water culture (0.18) and social functions (0.15); three to six indicators are set under each criterion layer as the index layer. On the basis of this, the main rivers in six regions of Shaoxing City were evaluated and the scores calculated comprehensively. Key results: The results showed that the total scores of Shangyu District, Yuecheng District and Xinchang County were 89, 87 and 85 respectively, indicating that the rivers are in a very good state; the total scores of Zhuji City, Shengzhou City and Keqiao District were 82, 80 and 75 respectively, indicating that the state of rivers is relatively poor compared to the first three regions. Conclusions: The follow-up work can be promoted from the aspects of ecological construction, water culture construction, water protection and social functions. Implications: The established model and empirical study have provided a theoretical basis and data basis for the comprehensive evaluation of modern rivers.

Aerobic granulation of tannery wastewater was successfully accomplished in sequencing batch reactors, with R1 employing a conventional aeration head and R2 utilizing a spiky-type aeration head. The brief settling time of five minutes, along with the influent’s high concentrations of elements such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and iron, were critical factors influencing the formation of aerobic granules. The findings indicated that granules were successfully cultivated in reactors R1 and R2 by day 36 and day 40, respectively. By the 60th day of operation, the mean particle sizes for R1 and R2 were 469.6 ± 31.4 and 390.3 ± 22.8 μm, respectively, with corresponding SVI5 values of 43.6 and 46.2 ml/g. The implementation of a spiky-type aeration head proved effective in mitigating the increase in particle size by continuously shearing the granular sludge. During the entire granulation process, both systems demonstrated enhanced pollutant degradation capabilities, achieving removal efficiencies of ∼85% for COD, 80% for NH4+–N, 70% for TN, and 60% for TP after 60 days of operation. Notable alterations were observed in extracellular polymeric substances and microbial communities, with a substantial increase in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, rising from 46.45% in the inoculum sludge to 80.98% in R1 and 75.86% in R2. This increase played a pivotal role in the granulation process.