The application and promotion of biological control agents are limited because of poor efficacy and unstable performance in the field. Screening microorganisms with high antagonistic activity, effective adaptability, and high field-survival should be prospected. Myxobacteria are soil predatory bacteria with wide adaptability, which are considered as good antagonists. Here, we report a myxobacterium strain M34 isolated from subtropical forest soil in South China using the Escherichia coli baiting method. Based on the morphological observation, physiological test, biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence, and genomic data, strain M34 was identified as a novel genus and novel species, representing a new clade of Myxococcaceae, for which the name Citreicoccus inhibens gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed (type strain M34^T = GDMCC 1.2275^T = KCTC 82453^T). The typical features of M34, including fruiting body formation and extracellular fibrillar interconnection, indicated by microscopic observations, contributed to cell adaption in different environments. Furthermore, the strain showed antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi and predatory activity to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive phytopathogenic bacteria. The bioprotective mechanisms are attributed to the presence of pyrrolnitrin and derivative with antifungal activity and the extracellular proteins with lytic activity against pathogenic bacteria. Due to its multiple beneficial traits, strain M34 has the potential to be developed into a versatile biocontrol agent for the management of both fungal and bacterial phytopathogens.

Talaronoids A–D (1–4), four diterpenoids with an unexpected tricyclic 5/8/6 carbon skeleton isolated from Talaromyces stipitatus, represent a new class of fusicoccane diterpenoids and the first examples of natural products with a benzo[a]cyclopenta[d]cyclooctane skeleton. Their structures were established by a combination of extensive spectroscopic analyses and electronic circular dichroism spectral calculations. Plausible biosynthetic pathways of 1–4 are proposed starting from geranylgeranyl diphosphate with a Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement as the key step. Compounds 1–4 were evaluated for butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro, and compounds 1–4 showed moderate activity.