Product marking is very important as it provides information about the product through the agricultural value chain without the information being missing or tampered with. Therefore, it is necessary to use technologies that would permanently mark agricultural products, and one such technology is laser marking. This technology is being explored and used in other parts of the world, such as Europe, Australia, and the United States, intensively in the agriculture sector. However, in Africa, it has been used in only a few countries such as South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria. There is a need to encourage, educate, and sensitize people on the beneficial effects of its use, such as high precision of work, permanent marking, high resistance to external effects like heat and abrasion, low power consumption, and being environmentally friendly. Therefore, this paper seeks to review the trends of laser marking of agricultural products in Africa and also provide recommendations on its use, especially in Ghana.

Food processing and consumption by herbivores are affected differently by the availability of forage quality and quantity per unit of time. This demonstrates the “Allometric response concept”, and it is considered a significant determinant in habitat use for foraging by grazers. The relevance of this approach has comprehensively been applied to herbivores of different body sizes, but little is known about its demonstration to explain patch use in herbivores with different digestive physiology and body size. We explain the use of patches by grazing herbivores of different digestive physiology and body sizes, Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus, mega non-ruminant) and cattle (ruminant), by integrating foraging relationship herbivores. We analysed the significant relationships between species dropping densities and environmental variables across forty-eight 100 m×100 m plots in Bui National Park, Ghana, during the wet and dry seasons. We found that both species utilised areas closer to the river in the wet season, but the H. amphibius foraged further away from the river during the dry season. Sward height also determined patch use by both species, with the H. amphibius utilising shorter swards than the cattle. Considering the quality of food resources, the study revealed that patch selection of ruminants (cattle) was significantly influenced by nitrogen content. In contrast, acidic detergent fibre content was positively related to non-ruminant species (H. amphibius). The high seasonal effect of sward height and food quality on patch use is primarily due to the species digestive physiology and body size of hippopotamus and cattle at the Bui National Park.

Rabbit production contributes to animal protein supply and farm income, but housing directly affects welfare, growth and reproductive efficiency. Evidence on rabbit housing is dispersed and sometimes inconsistent. This study systematically reviewed and bibliometrically mapped research on the relationship between housing systems and rabbit growth and reproductive performance. Records were retrieved from Scopus using a structured Boolean search, screened according to PRISMA 2020, and analysed with Bibliometrix in R and VOSviewer. From 130 records, 28 studies met the final eligibility criteria. Hungary recorded the highest country output with 30 documents, followed by Italy with 28 and India with 24, while Italy had the highest country citation count with 55 citations. The most highly cited document in the dataset was the 2007 study by Cabezas and Moreno with 48 citations. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified four connected themes: housing, welfare and reproductive outcomes; growth performance and physiology; nutrition and feeding systems; and controlled experimentation across housing systems. Collaboration was concentrated mainly in European networks, with limited African representation despite contributions from Egypt, Ethiopia and Nigeria. These findings show that rabbit housing is a life science issue linking animal welfare, physiology, reproduction and food production. Future research should broaden geographical coverage and compare housing systems using integrated welfare and productivity indicators.