Metal oxide anode materials are affected by severe volume expansion and cracking in the charging/discharging process, resulting in low capacity and poor cycle stability, which limits their application in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a new strategy is uncovered for a preparing spinel-structured, multi-component transition metal oxide, (Ni,Co,Mn)Fe₂O_4−x, with oxygen vacancies as an LIB anode material. The as-fabricated material presented excellent reversible capacity and cycling stability, delivering a discharge capacity of 1240.2 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 mA g⁻¹ for 200 cycles and then at 300 mA g⁻¹ for 300 additional cycles. It presented extremely long cycle stability even at 2 A g⁻¹, revealing 650.5 mAh g⁻¹ after 1200 cycles. The good lithium storage capacity can be ascribed to the entropy stabilization effect, the multi-cation synergistic effect, abundant oxygen vacancies and the spinel structure. This study provides a new opportunity to fabricate and optimize conversion-type anodes for LIBs with satisfactory electrochemical performance.

By virtue of the high theoretical capacity of Si, Si-related materials have been developed as promising anode candidates for high-energy-density batteries. During repeated charge/discharge cycling, however, severe volumetric variation induces the pulverization and peeling of active components, causing rapid capacity decay and even development stagnation in high-capacity batteries. In this study, the Si/Fe₂O₃-anchored rGO framework was prepared by introducing ball milling into a melt spinning and dealloying process. As the Li-ion battery (LIB) anode, it presents a high reversible capacity of 1744.5 mAh g⁻¹ at 200 mA g⁻¹ after 200 cycles and 889.4 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹ after 500 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical performance is due to the three-dimensional cross-linked porous framework with a high specific surface area, which is helpful to the transmission of ions and electrons. Moreover, with the cooperation of rGO, the volume expansion of Si is effectively alleviated, thus improving cycling stability. The work provides insights for the design and preparation of Si-based materials for high-performance LIB applications.

Designing a novel photocatalytic composite for the efficient degradation of organic dyes remains a serious challenge. Herein, the multi-layered Co₃O₄@NP-CuO photocatalyst with unique features, i.e., the self-supporting, hierarchical porous network as well as the construction of heterojunction between Co₃O₄ and CuO, are synthesized by dealloying-electrodeposition and subsequent thermal treatment techniques. It is found that the interwoven ultrathin Co₃O₄ nanopetals evenly grow on the nanoporous CuO network (Co₃O₄@NP-CuO). The three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical porous structure for the catalyst provides more surface area to act as active sites and facilitates the absorption of visible light in the photodegradation reaction. Compared with the commercial CuO and Co₃O₄ powders, the newly designed Co₃O₄@NP-CuO composite exhibits superior photodegradation performance for RhB. The enhanced performance is mainly due to the construction of heterojunction of Co₃O₄/CuO, greatly promoting the efficient carrier separation for photocatalysis. Furthermore, the possible photocatalytic mechanism is analyzed in detail. This work provides a promising strategy for the fabrication of a new controllable heterojunction to improve photocatalytic activity.

To improve glucose electrocatalytic performance, one efficient manner is to develop a novel Cu-Ag bimetallic composite with fertile porosity and unique architecture. Herein, the self-supported electrode with Cu_xO/Ag₂O (x = 1, 2) nanowires grown in-situ on a nanoporous Cu-Ag network (Cu_xO/Ag₂O@NP-CuAg) has been successfully designed by a facile two-step approach. The integrated hierarchical porous structure, the tip-converged Cu_xO/Ag₂O nanowires combined with the interconnected porous conductive substrate, are favorable to provide more reactive sites and improve ions or electrons transportation. Compared with monometallic Cu₂O nanowires integrated with nanoporous Cu matrix (Cu₂O@NP-Cu), the bimetallic Cu_xO/Ag₂O@NP-CuAg composites exhibit the enhanced electrocatalytic performance for glucose. Moreover, the higher sensitivity of ~1.49 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² in conjunction with a wider linear range of 17 mM for the Cu_xO/Ag₂O@NP-CuAg electrode anodized for 10 min are attributed to the synergistic effect of porous structure and bimetallic Cu_xO/Ag₂O nanowires. Particularly, the integrated Cu_xO/Ag₂O@NP-CuAg composites possess good flexibility, which has been reported for the first time. Accordingly, the Cu_xO/Ag₂O@NP-CuAg with excellent glucose electrocatalytic performance and good flexibility is promising to further develop as a candidate electrode material of glucose sensors.

Today, the development of new self-supporting electrode materials with high porosity and excellent degradation properties is of great importance for the removal of dye pollutants. Herein, this work synthesized nanoporous nickel@nickel oxide (np-Ni@NiO) electrode containing an amorphous alloy in the middle interlayer. The nanoporous structure endowed the electrode with more active sites and facilitated the ion/electron transport. The electrochemical active surface area was about 185.5 cm². The electrochemical degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) using a np-Ni@NiO electrode was systematically investigated. The effects of technology paraments (NaCl concentration, the applied potential and pH) on electro-catalytic degradation were explored. An RhB removal rate of 99.68% was achieved in 30 s at optimized conditions, which was attributed to the unique bicontinuous ligament/pore structure and more active sites on the surface, as well as lower charge transfer resistance. In addition, the degradation mechanism of RhB in electrochemical oxidation was proposed, according to active species capture tests and EPR measurements.