The aim of this study was to describe the dietary patterns in pregnant women and determine the association between diet factors, pre-pregnancy body mass index, socio-demographic characteristics and gestational weight gain. The analysis was conducted on a group of 458 women. Cut-off values of gestational weight gain adequacy were based on recommendations published by the US Institute of Medicine and were body mass index-specific. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk of the occurrence of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain. Dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis. Three dietary patterns characteristic of pregnant women in Poland were identified: ‘unhealthy’, ‘varied’ and ‘prudent’. The factor associated with increased risk of inadequate gestational weight gain was being underweight pre-pregnancy (OR = 2.61; p = 0.018). The factor associated with increased risk of excessive weight gain were being overweight or obese pre-pregnancy (OR = 7.00; p = 0.031) and quitting smoking (OR = 7.32; p = 0.019). The risk of excessive weight gain was decreased by being underweight pre-pregnancy (OR = 0.20; p = 0.041), being in the third or subsequent pregnancy compared to being in the first (OR = 0.37; p = 0.018), and having a high adherence to a prudent dietary pattern (OR = 0.47; p = 0.033). Women who were overweight or obese pre-pregnancy and those who quit smoking at the beginning of pregnancy should be provided with dietary guidance to prevent excessive gestational weight gain.

Background. At present, EC staging is based on the WHO conservative criteria, which only consider the percentage of gland formation. The molecular subgrouping of EC recently proposed by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) represents a milestone in precise molecular-based patient triage. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of FGFR-2 on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and whether it can lead to endometrial cancer dedifferentiation. Methods. One hundred and three White female patients with confirmed EC were enrolled in our research. For the analysis, we performed next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin. Results. Tumor grade progression was closely correlated with LVI (p = 0.0338), expression of vimentin (p = 0.000), tumor budding (p = 0.000), and lack of E-cadherin (p = 0.0028). Similar observations were noted with regard to TNM/FIGO stage progression. In terms of FGFR-2 mutation, we found the following correlation p-values: LVI (p = 0.069), expression of vimentin (p = 0.000), tumor budding (p = 0.000), and lack of E-cadherin (p = 0.000), RFS (p = 0.032), ECSS (p = 0.047). Conclusions. FGFR-2 is the important factor influencing on EMT.

The morbidity and mortality caused by endometrial cancer (EC) is still rising worldwide. In recent years, a new system of tumor stratification has been proposed based on POLE-mutational status, TP53, and microsatellite stability status. The aim of the study was to analyze a vast panel on the genes potentially involved in the genesis of endometrial cancer in the Polish population. One hundred and three white female patients with confirmed endometrial cancer were enrolled on the study. We performed sequencing using the Hot Spot Illumina panel and microsatellite stability with immunohistochemistry. We confirmed a key role of the TP53 mutation in progress to high-grade EC and parallelly some role of FGFR2 mutation. Moreover, our data present a vast landscape of mutations in EC and their polymorphism. We reported the meaning of FGFR2 mutation and TP53 (high copy number) in high-grade ECs. Our observation in MSI contribution is comparable with other studies. Finally, we see a strong need for the implementation of the TCGA classification.

Wprowadzenie: Nieprawidłowe przyrosty masy ciała kobiet w ciąży mogą negatywnie wpływać na rozwój płodu, przebieg porodu oraz późniejszy stan zdrowia matki i dziecka. Niekorzystne konsekwencje zdrowotne nieprawidłowych przyrostów masy ciała przyszłych matek sprawiają, że istotne są badania czynników determinujących ich wielkość. Cel pracy: Ocena zależności pomiędzy zachowaniami zdrowotnymi w czasie ciąży, stanem odżywienia przed ciążą oraz niektórymi czynnikami socjodemograficznymi a wielkością przyrostów masy ciała w ciąży. Materiał i metody: Badaniem objęto 274 kobiety. Za pomocą ankiety zebrano informacje na temat miejsca zamieszkania, wieku, wysokości i masy ciała, palenia papierosów oraz sposobu żywienia w czasie ciąży. Całkowity przyrost masy ciała w czasie ciąży obliczono jako różnicę między okołoporodową a przedciążową masą ciała. Przyrosty masy ciała w ciąży klasyfikowano jako niskie, zalecane lub wysokie. Wyniki: Przyrost masy w ciąży sklasyfikowany jako zalecany w odniesieniu do wskaźnika masy ciała przed ciążą odnotowano jedynie u 37% pacjentek, a u niemal 40% stwierdzono wysokie przyrosty. Konsumpcja w czasie ciąży napojów alkoholowych (OR = 2,82), zwłaszcza piwa (OR = 2,72), wysokie spożycie produktów dostarczających białka zwierzęcego, tj. 3 lub więcej porcji w ciągu dnia (OR = 2,86), a także nadwaga przed ciążą (OR = 3,37) oraz pierwszy poród w porównaniu z trzecim lub kolejnym (OR = 4,17) wiązały się ze zwiększonym ryzykiem wystąpienia wysokich przyrostów masy ciała. Wnioski: Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na potrzebę edukacji zdrowotnej kobiet w wieku rozrodczym w celu zmniejszenia nadmiarów masy ciała przed zajściem w ciążę oraz promowania właściwych zachowań zdrowotnych w czasie ciąży, które pozwolą na utrzymanie prawidłowych przyrostów masy w tym okresie .

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third most common malignant tumour in women. As far as we know today, the main cause of cervical cancer is human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with high grade oncogenic HPV genotypes, as well as co-occurrence of other factors predisposing women to cervical cancer. According to the WHO, the factors include smoking, multiple sexual partners, low socioeconomic status, herpes simplex virus (HSV) co-infection, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and antioxidant and vitamin insufficiency in the diet. Aim of the research: To assess the knowledge of cervical cancer among young women. Material and methods: The survey was carried out in 2010–2012 in a group of 149 female students at the age of 20 ±1 at the Jan Kochanowski Memorial University, Kielce prior to gynaecology, pathology and oncology classes. The questionnaire survey included closed multiple choice questions. The statistical analyais was conducted by means of PQStat ver. 1.4.4 software using ANOVA and Fisher tests. Results and conclusions: The obtained results show that the 94% of the surveyed people are familiar with the impact of HPV infection, but knowledge of accessory risk factors of cervical cancer is at low level. The study revealed that smoking is regarded as another risk factor by 13% of the surveyed people, HSV infection by 9%, multiple sex partners by 21%, and low hygiene level by 25%. Our examination revealed differences regarding the knowledge and available information sources by the respondents’ place of residence. Knowledge level of cervical cancer development depends on the place of residence and reaches the highest level in towns with over 20,000 inhabitants. The main source of information on cervical cancer risk factors is Internet and peer opinions.

Background: Lumbopelvic pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition during pregnancy, affecting a significant proportion of pregnant women. It arises from hormonal, biomechanical, and postural changes, often exacerbating discomfort and impairing quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of targeted motor control interventions focusing on sternal alignment on spinal alignment, pain, and muscle activity in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth. Methods: This pre–post quasi-experimental study included 32 pregnant women at 28–32 weeks of gestation, who were hospitalized due to the risk of preterm birth. Inclusion criteria required participants to have LBP lasting at least two weeks and the ability to walk and stand for 40 min. The intervention involved targeted motor control exercises designed to optimize sternal and sacral alignment. Spinal alignment, pain intensity, and muscle activity were measured pre- and post-intervention using the DIERS formetric system, numerical rating scale (NRS), and electromyography (EMG), respectively. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Significant improvements were observed in spinal alignment parameters, including reductions in the sternal angle, sacral angle, cervical and lumbar lordosis depths, thoracic kyphosis angle, and pelvic tilt (p < 0.05). Pain intensity decreased significantly from a mean NRS score of 5.77 ± 1.42 in the relaxed posture to 2.54 ± 0.71 in the corrected posture (p < 0.05). Muscle activity of the rhomboid muscles increased in the corrected posture, correlating with improved thoracic kyphosis, while activity of the serratus anterior muscle showed reductions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Targeted motor control focusing on sternal alignment effectively improved spinal alignment and reduced pain in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth with LBP. The intervention offers a safe, non-invasive, and practical approach to managing pregnancy-related musculoskeletal challenges. Future research should validate these findings in diverse populations and explore long-term effects and broader clinical applications.