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LncPheDB (https://www.lncphedb.com/) is a systematic resource of genome-wide long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-phenotypes associations for multiple species. It was established to display the genome-wide lncRNA annotations, target genes prediction, variant-trait associations, gene-phenotype correlations, lncRNA-phenotype correlations, and the similar non-coding regions of the queried sequence in multiple species. LncPheDB sorted out a total of 203,391 lncRNA sequences, 2000 phenotypes, and 120,271 variants of nine species (Zea mays L., Gossypium barbadense L., Triticum aestivum L., Lycopersicon esculentum Mille, Oryza sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L., Sorghum bicolor L., Glycine max L., and Cucumis sativus L.). By exploring the relationship between lncRNAs and the genomic position of variants in genome-wide association analysis, a total of 68,862 lncRNAs were found to be related to the diversity of agronomic traits. More importantly, to facilitate the study of the functions of lncRNAs, we analyzed the possible target genes of lncRNAs, constructed a blast tool for performing similar fragmentation studies in all species, linked the pages of phenotypic studies related to lncRNAs that possess similar fragments and constructed their regulatory networks. In addition, LncPheDB also provides a user-friendly interface, a genome visualization platform, and multi-level and multi-modal convenient data search engine. We believe that LncPheDB plays a crucial role in mining lncRNA-related plant data.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an essential food, forage, and bioenergy crop that plays an irreplaceable role in modern agricultural supply systems and daily life. However, the traditional cultivation varieties, characterized by tall stems, low planting density and large panicles, are incompatible with the requirements of modern intensive agriculture for high-density planting, mechanized harvesting, and efficient resource utilization. Therefore, cultivating an ideotype suitable for mechanized harvesting is the most urgent and practical need for sorghum breeding. This paper systematically reviews the key components of the sorghum ideotype and their physiological basis, focusing on traits such as canopy structure, stalk characteristics, panicle traits, and root systems. Then, the major genes and molecular mechanisms that regulate plant height, stem strength, leaf morphology, and panicle type are described in detail. Additionally, current breeding challenges, including gene pleiotropy, trade-offs among traits, narrow genetic diversity, and limitations in phenotypic identification techniques, are summarized. Finally, we propose modern breeding strategies involving multi-omics approaches, high-throughput phenotyping, gene editing, and computational modeling to advance sorghum breeding into the design era. This will enable the simultaneous improvement in light use efficiency, lodging resistance, and adaptation to mechanized production.