LoRa based low power wide area network. The objective of this paper is to build up a LoRa based smart agricultural management and monitoring system using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in rural areas, in order to replace the current technology of the agricultural monitoring system. A private network server is created and interfaced with a gateway that collects data or signals from end nodes and transmits the data to the cloud without the use of routers. The data can be used for end user application. The network interface is fulfilled by LoRa by solving communication failure problems and energy saving data transmission. This intelligent agriculture platform improves the efficiency of agricultural techniques.

Technological development has leads to need of more compact thermal management system especially in electronic cooling systems. Heat pipe with the use of mono and hybrid nanofluids are recent trends to satisfy the need of enhanced heat transfer and miniaturization in size. In this article, a state-of-the-art review on different types of heat pipe s, nanofluids preparation and characterization techniques have been carried out. The study begins with an overview of heat pipe and discussed about heat pipe with sintered, grooved and mesh wick structures, applications, mono nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. The research works carried out for last decade are analyzed in terms of types of heat pipe, working medium, nanofluids preparation and characterization techniques. Effect of operating variables like nanoparticle size, shape and concentration, filling ratio, inclination angle and heat load are also presented. In last, the possible future research thrusts are presented.