Creating a mental image of our spatial environment is a key process for further abstract geometric thinking. Building a mental representation can be understood as a part of the process of visualisation. From the wide concept of visualisation, in this article, we will focus on the part where the mental representation of spatial relations, mental objects and mental constructions are created, and their manifestations as a 3D physical object and its plane representations arise. Our main goal is to follow the transition between 2D and 3D representations of physical objects and also to observe how and when such a transition happens in students’ thinking. For that purpose, we also use Tangram, because manipulation with the Tangram pieces in space and filling out planar figures by them indicates the transition between 3D and 2D. Our research, using an action research methodology, was conducted on the students of three 5th grade primary school classes as a part of a larger long-term project. We pointed out a relationship between spatial abilities and the perception of 2D–3D relationships in students’ mind.

The development of the spatial approach of schoolchildren is an important task of the educational process, especially the practical application of the acquired competencies in real life. In the study, we briefly present the developmental tasks used in our project focusing on the development of spatial perspectives for 11-12-year-old students, which were implemented in mathematics lessons. Students solved tasks that focused on problem solving with 2D and 3D objects, analyzing these situations and manipulating with objects. A kisiskolás gyerekek térszemléletének fejlesztése az oktatási folyamat fontos feladata, különös tekin-tettel a megszerzett kompetenciák gyakorlati alkalmazása a valós életben. A tanulmányban röviden bemutatjuk a 11-12 éves tanulók térszemlélet fejlesztésére fókuszáló projektünkben alkalmazott fejlesztő feladatokat, melyek a matematika órákon valósultak meg. A tanulók olyan feladatokat oldottak meg, amelyek a sík és térbeli tárgyakkal való problémamegoldásra, a sík vagy térbeli helyzetek elemzésére és a tárgyakkal való manipulálására összpontosítottak.