The following study presents an in situ sensor system which can measure the temperature change of rolling contacts for heavy duty during fluid as well as mixed friction. This thin-film sensor was optimized with regard to its size, spatial resolution, and wear resistance. Extensive tests were carried out with a two-disk test rig and the data of the temperature change were presented. The results show the complex processes within a rolling contact and the strongly interaction of pressure, friction, and temperature development within the contact zone. Due to the detailed sensor and disk characterization, the data are suitable for comparing calculation methods.