Due to their unique layered microstructure, the presence of various functional groups at the surface, earth abundance, and attractive electrical, optical, and thermal properties, MXenes are considered promising candidates for the solution of energy- and environmental-related problems. It is seen that the energy conversion and storage capacity of MXenes can be enhanced by changing the material dimensions, chemical composition, structure, and surface chemistry. Hence, it is also essential to understand how one can easily improve the structure–property relationship from an applied point of view. In the current review, we reviewed the fabrication, properties, and potential applications of MXenes. In addition, various properties of MXenes such as structural, optical, electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical have been discussed. Furthermore, the potential applications of MXenes in the areas of photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, nitrogen fixation, gas sensing, cancer therapy, and supercapacitors have also been outlooked. Based on the reported works, it could easily be observed that the properties and applications of MXenes can be further enhanced by applying various modification and functionalization approaches. This review also emphasizes the recent developments and future perspectives of MXenes-based composite materials, which will greatly help scientists working in the fields of academia and material science.

Based on the extensive biological activities of thiazole derivatives against different types of diseases, we are interested in the effective part of many natural compounds, so we synthesized a new series of compounds containing di-, tri- and tetrathiazole moieties. The formation of such derivatives proceeded via reaction of 2-bromo-1-(4-methyl-2-(methylamino)thiazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one with heterocyclic amines, o-aminothiophenol and thiosemicarbazone derivatives. The structure and mechanistic pathways for all products were discussed and proved based on spectral results, in addition to conformational studies. Our aim after the synthesis is to investigate their antimicrobial activity against various types of bacteria and fungi species. Preceeding such an investigation, a molecular docking study was carried out with selected conformers, as representative examples, against three pathogen-proteins. This preliminary stage could support the biological application. The potency of these compounds as antimicrobial agents has been evaluated. The results showed that derivatives which have di- and trithiazole rings displayed high activity that exceeds the used standard antibiotic.

The coordination behaviour of phthaloyl bis(thiosemicarbazide), H₄PBT, towards VO²⁺, Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and ions has been investigated. The elemental analyses, magnetic moments, spectra [UV-Vis, IR, ESR and MS] and thermal studies were used to characterize the isolated complexes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to study the electrochemical behaviour of the Cu(II) complex. The IR spectra showed that the ligand is deprotonated in the complexes and acts as a binegative SSNN donor. The f _U–O (mdyn Å⁻¹) and the length r _U−O (Å) of the UO bond are calculated spectroscopically from the IR data. The loss of thiol hydrogen during the formation of complexes was confirmed from the pH-metric titrations of the ligand and its metal(II) complexes. The protonation constants of the ligand (pK₁ = 9.45 and pK₂ = 7.25) as well as the stability constants of its complexes were calculated. The intensity and position of the V=O band in the IR spectra reflect the geometry of the formed complex. Also, its colour (dark green) is consistent with the suggested stereochemistry. The binuclear VO²⁺ complex was isolated and confirmed by ESR spectra. The TG analyses for the VO²⁺, Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes suggest different decomposition steps. The Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger equations have been used to calculate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the different thermal decomposition steps of some complexes. The redox properties, nature of the electroactive species and the stability of the Cu(II) complex toward oxidation were examined. The electrochemical data are discussed in terms of the kinetic parameters and the reaction mechanism.