In recent years, a boost in the ruminant population has been observed, and consequently, an increase in the animals’ demand for nutrients and methane emissions. Methane emission is generated during the microbial fermentation of feed in the rumen, and a percentage even up to 12% of the energy obtained by this process can be wasted. In addition, the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is being increasingly restricted. restricted. As a result, there is a continuous search for innovative feed additives that can serve as alternatives to antibiotics, and will also be safe for both people and the environment. In the present review article, additives were selected on basis that, according to studies conducted so far, may positively affect the microbiome of the digestive system by improving indicators and/or reducing methane production. Among them, probiotics, prebiotics or their combination—synbiotics are at the forefront of research. However, additives in the form of algae or plant origin are also gaining ground in popularity, such as essential oils, fermented wheat straw or Gelidium amansii, due to their general recognition as safe (GRAS) for both humans and environment.

Antibiotics have revolutionized medicine and animal production, yet their extensive use has accelerated the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Beyond clinical contexts, livestock and aquaculture are now recognized as major contributors to the global resistome. This review synthesizes evidence across cattle, poultry, swine, sheep and goats, and aquaculture, highlighting how antimicrobial usage shapes resistance at the human–animal–environment interface. A substantial proportion of administered drugs is excreted unmetabolized, leading to the accumulation of unmetabolized antimicrobial residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soils, manures, waters, sediments, and air. These reservoirs function as long-term sources and dissemination pathways through runoff, leaching, bioaerosols, effluents, and biological vectors. Despite different production systems, similar ARG families dominate, particularly those conferring resistance to tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and β-lactams. Mobile genetic elements and co-selectors such as heavy metals, disinfectants, and microplastics reinforce their persistence. Aquaculture, where water serves both as habitat and vector, emerges as a critical hotspot, while small ruminant systems remain under-researched despite their importance in many low- and middle-income countries. This synthesis highlights convergent patterns across sectors: antimicrobial use drives ARG enrichment; manures, litters, sediments, and effluents act as persistent reservoirs; and dissemination routes connect farms, ecosystems, and human populations. Within a One Health framework, mitigation requires preventive strategies—vaccination, biosecurity, and optimized waste management—supported by harmonized stewardship policies and integrated environmental surveillance.

Aggression as a behavior is not always desirable, often ends in abandonment and/or euthanasia. However, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of unwanted aggression in domestic dogs. Aggression is not a fully understood phenomenon. In recent years, many studies have focused on the influence of diet and physiology (including the endocrine system) on the emergence of behavioral disorders. In particular, the emphasis was put on nutritional additives such as fatty acids, amino acids, and probiotics. In addition, the possibility of using neurocognition in the observation of abnormal behavior in dogs has also been discussed, which may allow for a more detailed determination of the basis of aggressive behavior in dogs. In this review, the concepts related to aggression and its potential causes have been gathered. In addition, the possible influence of diet and hormones on aggression in dogs has been discussed, as well as the application of neurocognition in the possibility of its diagnosis.

Studies to date have shown that the length of telomere, which changes with the age of an animal, can vary depending on the tissues tested, even within a single organism. Additionally, their length can be influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the relative length of the telomeres in the muscle, skin and spinal cord derived from the tail of Correlophus ciliatus. The analysis was performed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) using DNA isolated from the appropriate tissues of seven animals as a template. tail rejection. Statistical analysis of the combined results obtained for all subjects showed significant differences in the relative telomere length between muscle, skin, and spinal cord (P > 0.01). In addition, an individual analysis was performed for all subjects, which showed that only in some subjects the muscle and skin telomere lengths differ significantly, while the muscle and spinal cord telomere lengths are always statistically different (P > 0.01). The obtained results may be related to the different activity of telomerase in individual tissues and the fragmentary regrowth of the tail in the form of the so-called stump. There is then a slight increase in muscle mass and skin at the site of the thrown tail, but the spinal cord is not restored. However, no direct influence of growth parameters on the length of the studied telomeres was demonstrated.