The COVID-19 has caused a serious impact on the global economy, and all countries are in a predicament of fighting the epidemic and recovering their economies. Aiming to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 on the economic resilience of urban agglomerations, the economic data of each quarter from June 2019 to September 2020 of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Urban Agglomeration are selected, and the economic development index (EDI) is calculated based on the entropy method. Combining the fundamental conditions of urban agglomerations and industrial policies during the COVID-19, urban economic resilience is discussed by the changing trend of the economic development index (EDI) and dividing into resistance and restoration. The results show that: (1) The economic development level of the urban agglomeration has been affected by the epidemic and has changed significantly. The change of endogenous power is the main cause of change; (2) During the outbreak of the COVID-19, the economic resilience of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration shows four different development types: high resistance and restoration, high resistance but low restoration, low resistance but high restoration, low resistance and restoration cities; (3) High resistance but low restoration, low resistance but high restoration, and low resistance and restoration cities influence each other, but the relationship between cities is mainly dependent; (4) The economic restoration within the urban agglomeration forms a synergy, which promotes the economic recovery and development of the urban agglomeration during the recovery period of the COVID-19. Urban agglomerations should enhance the combined effect of resistance and increase the impact of high resistance and restoration cities on surrounding cities in the future.

China has implemented long-term and large-scale initiatives to address land and ecosystem sustainability challenges, yet their ecological outcomes and regional differentiation remain insufficiently synthesized within a unified ecological regionalization framework. This study integrates government policies and planning documents, official reports and news, academic publications, and spatial ecological datasets to assess China’s ecological protection and restoration practices and to identify major ecological problems and strategic orientations across 57 ecodistricts. A total of 472 documentary records were retained after screening, and spatial assessments of soil erosion sensitivity, sandification sensitivity, rocky-desertification sensitivity, and vegetation change were conducted using harmonized ecological regionalization units. Between 2005 and 2020, approximately 4.1% of the mapped area experienced ecosystem-type change, while vegetation exhibited an overall greening tendency. National monitoring also indicates continued reductions in soil and water loss, sandification, and rocky desertification. However, ecological pressures remain strongly differentiated among regions, and more than 80% of ecodistricts face three or more major ecological problems. Dominant strategic orientations also vary spatially: protection-oriented strategies are more common in relatively intact and less disturbed regions, restoration-oriented strategies are concentrated in areas with stronger degradation and human disturbance, and integrated protection–restoration strategies occur mainly where conservation and intensive land use coexist. These findings demonstrate that China has achieved substantial overall ecological improvement, but recovery remains spatially uneven and constrained by overlapping pressures. China’s experience suggests that long-term commitment, sustained investment, ecological regionalization, and differentiated interventions are important for ecosystem sustainability, while context-specific adaptation and explicit consideration of social–ecological trade-offs are essential for broader transferability.