Corchorus olitorius is a common, leafy vegetable locally known as “Saluyot” in the Philippines. Several studies have reported on its various pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anticancer properties. However, little is known about its effects on angiogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer properties, such as the antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antitumor activities, of the C. olitorius aqueous extract (CO) and its bioactive compounds, chlorogenic acid (CGA) and isoquercetin (IQ), against human melanoma (A-375), gastric cancer (AGS), and pancreatic cancer (SUIT-2), using in vitro and in ovo biological assays. The detection and quantification of CGA and IQ in CO were achieved using LC-MS/MS analysis. The antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic, and antitumor activities of CO, CGA, and IQ against A-375, AGS, and SUIT-2 cancer cell lines were evaluated using MTT and CAM assays. CGA and IQ were confirmed to be present in CO. CO, CGA, and IQ significantly inhibited the proliferation of A-375, AGS, and SUIT-2 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner after 48 h of treatment. Tumor angiogenesis (hemoglobin levels) of A-375 and AGS tumors was significantly inhibited by CO, CGA, IQ, and a CGA–IQ combination. The growth of implanted A-375 and AGS tumors was significantly reduced by CO, CGA, IQ, and a CGA–IQ combination, as measured in tumor weight. Our investigation provides new evidence to show that CO has promising anticancer effects on various types of human cancer cells. CO and its compounds are potential nutraceutical products that could be used for cancer treatment.

C. olitorius are used as herbal medicine and eaten as vegetable by local people in Philippines. The T’boli tribe commonly uses this plant to treat common illnesses such as pimples, wounds, boils, and inflammations. According to studies, the leaves of C. olitorius has properties to treat demulcent, diuretic, febrifuge, chronic cystitis, dysuria and even tumor. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity properties of the crude aqueous extract of C. olitorius leaf against colon (HCT116), breast (MCF-7), and liver (HepG2) carcinoma cell-lines using the MTT cell proliferation assay. The results showed that the aqueous extract has potential cytotoxicity activity against the three-carcinoma cell-lines. The aqueous extract was most bioactive in the colon carcinoma cell-line (HCT116) with cell viability percentage of 23.53 and 32.48 in 100 and 10 µg/mL, respectively. It was then followed by the breast carcinoma cell-line (MCF7) with cell viability percentage of 16.23 and 30.25 in 100 and 10 µg/mL, respectively. The extract was least but still bioactive in the liver carcinoma cell-line (HepG2) with cell viability percentage of 91.20 and 132.76 in 100 and 10 µg/mL, respectively. This study illustrates the importance of toxicological screening to confirm the safety and efficacy of the medicinal plant commonly used in the traditional medicine system in the treatment and management of illnesses by the T’boli tribe in South Cotabato