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A study was carried out to assess if the visual soil assessment method (VSA) would allow recognizing differences between soils receiving organic matter (OM) amendments and similar control soils, by the observation of visual soil quality indicators’ score. 36 practices were identified across 8 pedoclimatic zones. These fields/plots were paired with nearby control fields/plots, without OM amendments, sharing similar farming features. A survey, comprising a VSA of the soil structure status, surface ponding, signs of erosion, earthworm counts and soil stability (slake test), complemented by measurements of soil organic matter (SOM) and permanganate oxidizable organic carbon (LOC) content, soil pH, penetration resistance and texture, on soils of both management system groups (OM addition and Control), was performed in 2016. Correlations of the visual soil quality indicators’ score with SOM, LOC, other soil properties and climate variables and indices were calculated within each group; the correlations between soil properties, and between soil properties (SOM and LOC) and climate variables were also calculated. A statistically significantly higher proportion of soils of the OM group had a good score for “soil structure and consistency” and “soil porosity”. These differences are not directly explained by non-inherent soil properties. No statistically significant Spearman’s correlation coefficients were observed between “soil structure and consistency” and either soil properties or climate variables; concerning “soil porosity”, distinct statistically significant correlations were observed between the two groups with different climate variables and indices. Correlations between the scores of the visual soil quality indicators and climate variables were found to follow the same directions of correlations of LOC content with the same climate variables, although the latter correlations were weak. Mean SOM and LOC content, were slightly higher in the OM group, although differences were not statistically significant. A high linear correlation between LOC (mg/g) and SOM (%) (r = 0.65, n = 26) exists within the Control group, but not within the OM group (r = 0.20 and n = 26). When the relationship of SOM and LOC content with visual soil quality indicators’ score was studied, statistically significant correlations were only observed between SOM and “earthworm count” within the Control group (rs = 0.44), and between LOC and “soil colour” within the OM group (rs=-0.52). Both LOC content and LOC status (ranked as a function of LOC content and soil texture), had only negative statistically significant correlations with visual soil quality indicators’ score, questioning their worth as stand-alone soil quality indicators.
Fernando Teixeira; Gottlieb Basch; Abdallah Alaoui; Tatenda Lemann; Marie Wesselink; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Carla Ferreira; Adélcia Veiga; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Tóth Zoltán; Tamás Hermann; Olga Petruta Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Magdalena Frąc; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Haimei Fu; Hongzhu Fan; Luuk Fleskens. Manuring effects on visual soil quality indicators and soil organic matter content in different pedoclimatic zones in Europe and China. Soil and Tillage Research 2021, 212, 105033 .
AMA StyleFernando Teixeira, Gottlieb Basch, Abdallah Alaoui, Tatenda Lemann, Marie Wesselink, Wijnand Sukkel, Julie Lemesle, Carla Ferreira, Adélcia Veiga, Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes, Alicia Morugán-Coronado, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Costas Kosmas, Matjaž Glavan, Tóth Zoltán, Tamás Hermann, Olga Petruta Vizitiu, Jerzy Lipiec, Magdalena Frąc, Endla Reintam, Minggang Xu, Haimei Fu, Hongzhu Fan, Luuk Fleskens. Manuring effects on visual soil quality indicators and soil organic matter content in different pedoclimatic zones in Europe and China. Soil and Tillage Research. 2021; 212 ():105033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Teixeira; Gottlieb Basch; Abdallah Alaoui; Tatenda Lemann; Marie Wesselink; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Carla Ferreira; Adélcia Veiga; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Tóth Zoltán; Tamás Hermann; Olga Petruta Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Magdalena Frąc; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Haimei Fu; Hongzhu Fan; Luuk Fleskens. 2021. "Manuring effects on visual soil quality indicators and soil organic matter content in different pedoclimatic zones in Europe and China." Soil and Tillage Research 212, no. : 105033.
In Cape Verde, small family farming production suffers continuously from limited essential resources such as water and soil for a steady development. This situation is further aggravated by the lack of financial resources. We have developed a hybrid and multidimensional conceptual model for improvement of those small farming units by bringing together concepts of quality management, farmers’ satisfaction evaluation and production capabilities. The model we have built was the result of an inquiry based on Focus Group study with 15 farmers and it was carried out in 2019. We name the model as SQual4Agri and this is a step toward improvement in small family based agricultural organization, namely in productivity, responsibility sharing, communication and quality management.
Elsa Simões; Margarida Saraiva; Gottlieb Basch; António Pires; Álvaro Rosa; Elisa Chaleta. Hybrid Conceptual Model for Assessing Quality, Production and Satisfaction (SQual4Agri), in Agricultural Production Units, in Cape Verde. Sustainability 2020, 13, 37 .
AMA StyleElsa Simões, Margarida Saraiva, Gottlieb Basch, António Pires, Álvaro Rosa, Elisa Chaleta. Hybrid Conceptual Model for Assessing Quality, Production and Satisfaction (SQual4Agri), in Agricultural Production Units, in Cape Verde. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):37.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsa Simões; Margarida Saraiva; Gottlieb Basch; António Pires; Álvaro Rosa; Elisa Chaleta. 2020. "Hybrid Conceptual Model for Assessing Quality, Production and Satisfaction (SQual4Agri), in Agricultural Production Units, in Cape Verde." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 37.
Since the 1990s Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been presented to smallholders in Laikipia (Kenya) as a strategy to improve both soil fertility and productivity. In this paper, we provide a historical and social analysis of categories used to define soil management practices and farmers by agricultural programmes in colonial and post-colonial Kenya. For this purpose, we have conducted archive research, recorded the social memory of agricultural policies and farming techniques, and examined contemporary conceptual frameworks and institutional networks around CA in Ethi and Umande in Laikipia County, Central Kenya. We identified evidence of historical continuity in the strategies and methods of agricultural promotional practices. CA networks have broadly advertised the advantages of CA as a means to revert soil degradation and improve livelihoods. However, farmer categorizations based on engagement with CA, promotional strategies, and unclear operational definitions have all prevented CA from being understood by farmers as a technological farming proposal. Instead its adoption is linked with social status and occasional free access to agricultural inputs. Additionally, information about the potential risks and limitations of CA should be explicitly made available to farmers in Laikipia in order to promote transparency and informed decision-making.
Joana Sousa; Paulo Rodrigues; Gottlieb Basch. Social categories and agency within a Conservation Agriculture framework in Laikipia, Kenya. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2020, 18, 554 -566.
AMA StyleJoana Sousa, Paulo Rodrigues, Gottlieb Basch. Social categories and agency within a Conservation Agriculture framework in Laikipia, Kenya. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2020; 18 (6):554-566.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Sousa; Paulo Rodrigues; Gottlieb Basch. 2020. "Social categories and agency within a Conservation Agriculture framework in Laikipia, Kenya." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 18, no. 6: 554-566.
No âmbito da palestra apresentada no 11º Encontro das Fundações da CPLP, sob o lema Segurança Alimentar: O papel das Fundações no Desenvolvimento de Politicas Públicas de Desenvolvimento, escolheu–se para fins deste trabalho, fazer uma análise comparativa, atravéz de entrevistas guiadas a quatro especialistas do sector publico, de ONG e de organismos internacionais de ajuda ao desenvolvimento com experiência na implementação de políticas públicas para que fizessem uma comparação entre a pratica e a teoria na implementação de politicas públicas para a segurança alimentar em Cabo Verde. Concluiu-se que as políticas de bem-estar social não estão de todo salvaguardas e que para dar esta resposta existe uma necessidade premente de se ter uma política efetiva de desenvolvimento sustentável da agricultura, melhorando o foco na qualidade de vida e em políticas económicas e sociais justas e sustentável do ponto de vista ambiental. Apesar de não haver impedimentos legais a organização de associações também não existe mecanismos que promovam a participação no processo de desenvolvimento.
Elsa Barbosa Simões; Vladmir Antero Delgado Silves Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch. Segurança Alimentar em Cabo Verde. Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional 2019, 27, e020002 -e020002.
AMA StyleElsa Barbosa Simões, Vladmir Antero Delgado Silves Ferreira, Gottlieb Basch. Segurança Alimentar em Cabo Verde. Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. 2019; 27 ():e020002-e020002.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsa Barbosa Simões; Vladmir Antero Delgado Silves Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch. 2019. "Segurança Alimentar em Cabo Verde." Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional 27, no. : e020002-e020002.
There are many factors involved in the release of CO2 emissions from the soil, such as the type of soil management, the soil organic matter, the soil temperature and moisture conditions, crop phenological stage, weather conditions, residue management, among others. This study aimed to analyse the influence of these factors and their interactions to determine the emissions by evaluating the environmental cost expressed as the kg of CO2 emitted per kg of production in each of the crops and seasons studied. For this purpose, a field trial was conducted on a farm in Seville (Spain). The study compared Conservation Agriculture, including its three principles (no-tillage, permanent soil cover, and crop rotations), with conventional tillage. Carbon dioxide emissions measured across the four seasons of the experiment showed an increase strongly influenced by rainfall during the vegetative period, in both soil management systems. The results of this study confirm that extreme events of precipitation away from the normal means, result in episodes of high CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. This is very important because one of the consequences for future scenarios of climate change is precisely the increase of extreme episodes of precipitation and periods extremely dry, depending on the area considered. The total of emission values of the different plots of the study show how the soils under the conventional system (tillage) have been emitting 67% more than soils under the conventional agriculture system during the 2010/11 campaign and 25% for the last campaign where the most appreciable differences are observed.
Rosa Carbonell-Bojollo; Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez; Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez; Manuel Moreno-Garcia; Gottlieb Basch; Amir Kassam; Miguel A. Repullo-Ruiberriz De Torres; Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez. The Effect of Conservation Agriculture and Environmental Factors on CO2 Emissions in a Rainfed Crop Rotation. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3955 .
AMA StyleRosa Carbonell-Bojollo, Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez, Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez, Manuel Moreno-Garcia, Gottlieb Basch, Amir Kassam, Miguel A. Repullo-Ruiberriz De Torres, Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez. The Effect of Conservation Agriculture and Environmental Factors on CO2 Emissions in a Rainfed Crop Rotation. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRosa Carbonell-Bojollo; Oscar Veroz-Gonzalez; Rafaela Ordoñez-Fernandez; Manuel Moreno-Garcia; Gottlieb Basch; Amir Kassam; Miguel A. Repullo-Ruiberriz De Torres; Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez. 2019. "The Effect of Conservation Agriculture and Environmental Factors on CO2 Emissions in a Rainfed Crop Rotation." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3955.
The Initiative for Sustainable Productive Agriculture (INSPIA) project promotes best management practices for agriculture, to enhance the provision of ecosystem services through better stewardship of soil and water resources while ensuring high levels of productivity. This paper presents the INSPIA methodology for the assessment of sustainability and for guiding farmers on strategic decision-making at farm level, applicable to any kind of cropland. The methodology is based on the application of 15 best management practices, which are assessed through a set of 31 basic sustainability indicators that cover the economic, social and environmental dimensions both agreed by a panel of experts. Basic indicators are then grouped into 12 aggregated indicators, to build the final INSPIA composite index. The INSPIA methodology provides farmers and advisers with a tool to understand sustainability and which, to a certain extent, serves to improve performance toward sustainability. Results are presented in three different ways: a bar diagram with the whole set of basic indicator-values; a pie chart representing the sustainability split in the aggregated indicators; and a final sustainability index. In the medium and long term, the INSPIA methodology can help to monitor and assess agricultural and environmental policy implementation, as well as help improve its decision-making processes in the future.
Paula Trivino-Tarradas; Manuel R. Gomez-Ariza; Gottlieb Basch; Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez. Sustainability Assessment of Annual and Permanent Crops: The Inspia Model. Sustainability 2019, 11, 738 .
AMA StylePaula Trivino-Tarradas, Manuel R. Gomez-Ariza, Gottlieb Basch, Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez. Sustainability Assessment of Annual and Permanent Crops: The Inspia Model. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):738.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaula Trivino-Tarradas; Manuel R. Gomez-Ariza; Gottlieb Basch; Emilio J. Gonzalez-Sanchez. 2019. "Sustainability Assessment of Annual and Permanent Crops: The Inspia Model." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 738.
Purpose: To develop a transformative learning process around the potential for innovation of technologies such as Conservation Agriculture. Design/methodology/approach: We applied principles of Transformative Learning and Communicative Action theories to design a learning process structured by the Qualitative Expert Assessment Tool for Conservation Agriculture Adoption in Africa (QAToCA). Elements of the process include: agroecosystem health exploration, stakeholder mapping, innovation timeline, participatory video, the QAToCA exercise, and specifying change promotion. We tested this approach with a group of farmers and experts in Koumbia, Burkina Faso. Findings: The agroecosystem in Koumbia is under demographic, economic, and climatic pressure. Conservation Agriculture has not been successfully integrated into socio-economic realities or implemented beyond a trial scale. The stakeholder mapping showed that dominant economic players and traditional means of communicating are essential to achieve innovation. Past interventions were not coordinated and focused on technical challenges. The participatory videos were rich in contextual information and created process ownership for research participants. The QAToCA provided a structure for lessons learned and suggestions for change. Practical implications: The learning process may be applied to initiate innovation initiatives in an efficient manner. Theoretical implications: The study shows how Transformative Learning and Communicative Action theories can be used for agricultural innovation. It also underlines the need for further work on how to address the implicit superiority of the process initiator and the integration of learning in institutional practice. Originality: Few studies have attempted to design and test learning processes on agricultural innovation based on theories of learning and Communicative Action.
L. Probst; H. T. Ndah; P. Rodrigues; Gottlieb Basch; K. Coulibaly; Johannes Schuler. From adoption potential to Transformative Learning around Conservation Agriculture. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 2018, 25, 25 -45.
AMA StyleL. Probst, H. T. Ndah, P. Rodrigues, Gottlieb Basch, K. Coulibaly, Johannes Schuler. From adoption potential to Transformative Learning around Conservation Agriculture. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension. 2018; 25 (1):25-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleL. Probst; H. T. Ndah; P. Rodrigues; Gottlieb Basch; K. Coulibaly; Johannes Schuler. 2018. "From adoption potential to Transformative Learning around Conservation Agriculture." The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 25, no. 1: 25-45.
ISQAPER project - Interactive Soil Quality Assessment in Europe and China for Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Resilience - aims to develop an app to advise farmers on selecting the best Agriculture Management Practice (AMPs) to improve soil quality. For this purpose, a soil quality index has to be developed to account for the changes in soil quality as impacted by the implementation of the AMPs. Some promising AMPs have been suggested over the time to prevent soil degradation. These practices have been randomly adopted by farmers but which practices are most used by farmers and where they are mostly adopted remains unclear. This study is part of the iSQAPER project with the specific aims: 1) map the current distribution of previously selected 18 promising AMPs in several pedo-climatic regions and farming systems located in ten and four study site areas (SSA) along Europe and China, respectively; and 2) identify the soil threats occurring in those areas. In each SSA, farmers using promising AMP's were identified and questionnaires were used to assess farmer's perception on soil threats significance in the area. 138 plots/farms using 18 promising AMPs, were identified in Europe (112) and China (26).Results show that promising AMPs used in Europe are Crop rotation (15%), Manuring & Composting (15%) and Min-till (14%), whereas in China are Manuring & Composting (18%), Residue maintenance (18%) and Integrated pest and disease management (12%). In Europe, soil erosion is the main threat in agricultural Mediterranean areas while soil-borne pests and diseases is more frequent in the SSAs from France and The Netherlands. In China, soil erosion, SOM decline, compaction and poor soil structure are among the most significant. This work provides important information for policy makers and the development of strategies to support and promote agricultural management practices with benefits for soil quality.
Lúcia Barão; Abdallah Alaoui; Carla Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch; Gudrun Schwilch; Violette Geissen; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Marina Pintar; Brigitta Toth; Tamás Hermann; Olga Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Jiaying Di; Hongzhu Fan; Fei Wang. Assessment of promising agricultural management practices. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 649, 610 -619.
AMA StyleLúcia Barão, Abdallah Alaoui, Carla Ferreira, Gottlieb Basch, Gudrun Schwilch, Violette Geissen, Wijnand Sukkel, Julie Lemesle, Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes, Alicia Morugán-Coronado, Jorge Mataix-Solera, Costas Kosmas, Matjaž Glavan, Marina Pintar, Brigitta Toth, Tamás Hermann, Olga Vizitiu, Jerzy Lipiec, Endla Reintam, Minggang Xu, Jiaying Di, Hongzhu Fan, Fei Wang. Assessment of promising agricultural management practices. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 649 ():610-619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLúcia Barão; Abdallah Alaoui; Carla Ferreira; Gottlieb Basch; Gudrun Schwilch; Violette Geissen; Wijnand Sukkel; Julie Lemesle; Fuensanta Garcia-Orenes; Alicia Morugán-Coronado; Jorge Mataix-Solera; Costas Kosmas; Matjaž Glavan; Marina Pintar; Brigitta Toth; Tamás Hermann; Olga Vizitiu; Jerzy Lipiec; Endla Reintam; Minggang Xu; Jiaying Di; Hongzhu Fan; Fei Wang. 2018. "Assessment of promising agricultural management practices." Science of The Total Environment 649, no. : 610-619.
Amir Kassam; Gottlieb Basch; Theodor Friedrich; Emilio Gonzalez; Paula Trivino; Saidi Mkomwa. Mobilizing greater crop and land potentials sustainably. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 2017, 66, 3 -11.
AMA StyleAmir Kassam, Gottlieb Basch, Theodor Friedrich, Emilio Gonzalez, Paula Trivino, Saidi Mkomwa. Mobilizing greater crop and land potentials sustainably. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin. 2017; 66 (1):3-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Kassam; Gottlieb Basch; Theodor Friedrich; Emilio Gonzalez; Paula Trivino; Saidi Mkomwa. 2017. "Mobilizing greater crop and land potentials sustainably." Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 66, no. 1: 3-11.
Nos anos agrícolas de 2012/2013 e 2013/2014, realizaram-se na Herdade Experimental da Almocreva (Beja) quatro ensaios de campo (dois em cada ano) com o objetivo de estudar a eficácia e seletividade na cultura da cevada dística do herbicida iodossulfurão-metilo-sódio (50 g L-1) + mesossulfurão-metilo (7,5 g L-1). Em cada um dos ensaios, aplicaram-se três doses (5,0 + 0,75; 7,5 + 1,125 e 10,0 + 1,5 g s.a ha-1) do herbicida, em duas fases distintas do desenvolvimento das infestantes e da cultura. No ano de 2012/2013, o herbicida foi aplicado quando as infestantes se encontravam na fase de desenvolvimento de três a quatro pares de folhas e, a cultura, no início do afilhamento, a que correspondeu o estádio 20 da escala de Zadoks (primeira época de aplicação). A segunda época de aplicação realizou-se quando as infestantes estavam na fase de desenvolvimento de seis a sete pares de folhas e, a cultura, no afilhamento completo (estádio 29 da escala de Zadoks). No ano de 2013/2014, a primeira época de aplicação teve lugar quando as infestantes estavam na fase de desenvolvimento de cinco a seis pares de folhas e, a cultura, na fase de colmo principal (estádio 24 da escala de Zadoks). A segunda época de aplicação efetuou-se quando as infestantes estavam na fase de desenvolvimento de sete a oito pares de folhas e, a cultura, no 3º nó visível (estádio 33 da escala de Zadoks). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram, que a antecipação da aplicação para fases mais precoces do desenvolvimento das infestantes e da cultura não conduziu a um aumento da eficácia em relação a aplicações mais tardias, para todas as doses de herbicida. Com as doses recomendadas (7,5 + 1,125 e 10,0 + 1,5 g s.a ha-1) a eficácia foi maior em ambos os anos de ensaios e épocas de aplicação, relativamente à dose inferior (5,0 + 0,75 g s.a ha-1), mas a interação doses x épocas não foi significativa. No ano de 2012/2013 e contrariamente ao sucedido no ano de 2013/2014, verificou-se uma redução significativa da produtividade da cultura com a antecipação da aplicação, consequência da fitotoxidade causada pelo herbicida, quando esta se encontrava no início do afilhamento.
José Barros; José Calado; Mário De Carvalho; Gottlieb Basch. Eficácia e seletividade do iodossulfurão-metilo-sódio +mesossulfurão-metilo na cevada dística (Hordeum distichum L.). Revista de Ciências Agrárias 2016, 39, 161 -169.
AMA StyleJosé Barros, José Calado, Mário De Carvalho, Gottlieb Basch. Eficácia e seletividade do iodossulfurão-metilo-sódio +mesossulfurão-metilo na cevada dística (Hordeum distichum L.). Revista de Ciências Agrárias. 2016; 39 (1):161-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Barros; José Calado; Mário De Carvalho; Gottlieb Basch. 2016. "Eficácia e seletividade do iodossulfurão-metilo-sódio +mesossulfurão-metilo na cevada dística (Hordeum distichum L.)." Revista de Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 1: 161-169.
A study was carried out over a two year period (2009/2010 and 2012/2013) on an experimental farm in the Alentejo region (Beja), in southern Portugal where rainfed malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.) is sown at the end of autumn or beginning of winter (November- December). The aim of this experiment was to study the efficiency of the herbicide iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium to control post-emergence broadleaved weeds in this cereal crop. The malt barley crop was established using no-till farming. This technology provides the necessary machine bearing capacity of the soil to assure the post-emergence application of herbicides at two different weed development stages. The herbicide iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium was applied at three doses (5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g a. i. · ha-1) and at two different broadleaved weed development stages (3 to 4 and 6 to 7 pairs of leaves), that also corresponded to two different crop development stages (beginning of tillering and complete tillering). The results indicated that early herbicide application timing provided a significantly higher efficiency for all the applied herbicide doses, but this better weed control was not reflected in a higher crop grain yield. The lack of a higher crop grain yield was probably due to a crop phytotoxicity of the herbicide, when used at an early application timing.
José Calado Barros; José Godinho Calado; Gottlieb Basch; Mário José Carvalho. Effect of different doses of post-emergence-applied iodosulfuron on weed control and grain yield of malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.), under Mediterranean conditions. Journal of Plant Protection Research 2016, 56, 15 -20.
AMA StyleJosé Calado Barros, José Godinho Calado, Gottlieb Basch, Mário José Carvalho. Effect of different doses of post-emergence-applied iodosulfuron on weed control and grain yield of malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.), under Mediterranean conditions. Journal of Plant Protection Research. 2016; 56 (1):15-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Calado Barros; José Godinho Calado; Gottlieb Basch; Mário José Carvalho. 2016. "Effect of different doses of post-emergence-applied iodosulfuron on weed control and grain yield of malt barley (Hordeum distichum L.), under Mediterranean conditions." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 1: 15-20.
Conservation Agriculture is an ecosystem approach to farming capable of providing solutions for numerous of the agri-environmental concerns in Europe. Certainly, most of the challenges addressed in the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) could be tackled through Conservation Agriculture (CA). Not only the agri-environmental ones, but also those concerning farmer and rural communities’ prosperity. The optimisation of inputs and similar yields than conventional tillage, make Conservation Agriculture a profitable system compared to the tillage based agriculture. Whereas this sustainable agricultural system was conceived for protecting agrarian soils from its degradation, the numerous collateral benefits that emanate from soil conservation, i.e., climate change mitigation and adaptation, have raised Conservation Agriculture as one of the global emerging agrosciences, being adopted by an increasing number of farmers worldwide, including Europe
Emilio J. González-Sánchez; Amir Kassam; Gottlieb Basch; Bernhard Streit; Antonio Holgado-Cabrera; Paula Triviño-Tarradas. Conservation Agriculture and its contribution to the achievement of agri-environmental and economic challenges in Europe. AIMS Agriculture and Food 2016, 1, 387 -408.
AMA StyleEmilio J. González-Sánchez, Amir Kassam, Gottlieb Basch, Bernhard Streit, Antonio Holgado-Cabrera, Paula Triviño-Tarradas. Conservation Agriculture and its contribution to the achievement of agri-environmental and economic challenges in Europe. AIMS Agriculture and Food. 2016; 1 (4):387-408.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmilio J. González-Sánchez; Amir Kassam; Gottlieb Basch; Bernhard Streit; Antonio Holgado-Cabrera; Paula Triviño-Tarradas. 2016. "Conservation Agriculture and its contribution to the achievement of agri-environmental and economic challenges in Europe." AIMS Agriculture and Food 1, no. 4: 387-408.
As the world population and food production demands rise, keeping agricultural soils and landscapes healthy and productive are of paramount importance to sustaining local and global food security and the flow of ecosystem services to society. The global population, expected to reach 9.7 billion people by 2050, will put additional pressure on the available land area and resources for agricultural production. Sustainable production intensification for food security is a major challenge to both industrialized and developing countries. The paper focuses on the results from long-term multi-factorial experiments involving tillage practices, crop rotations and fertilization to study the interactions amongst the treatments in the context of sustainable production intensification. The paper discusses the results in relation to reported performance of crops and soil quality in Conservation Agriculture systems that are based on no or minimum soil disturbance (no-till seeding and weeding), maintenance of soil mulch cover with crop biomass and cover crops, and diversified cropping systems involving annuals and perennials. Conservation Agriculture also emphasizes the necessity of an agro-ecosystems approach to the management of agricultural land for sustainable production intensification, as well as to the site-specificity of agricultural production. Arguments in favor of avoiding the use of soil tillage are discussed together with agro-ecological principles for sustainable intensification of agriculture. More interdisciplinary systems research is required to support the transformation of agriculture from the conventional tillage agriculture to a more sustainable agriculture based on the principles and practices of Conservation Agriculture, along with other complementary practices of integrated crop, nutrient, water, pest, energy and farm power management
Boris Boincean; Amir Kassam; Gottlieb Basch; Don Reicosky; Emilio Gonzalez; Tony Reynolds; Marina Ilusca; Marin Cebotari; Grigore Rusnac; Vadim Cuzeac; Lidia Bulat; Dorian Pasat; Stanislav Stadnic; Sergiu Gavrilas; Ion Boaghii. Towards Conservation Agriculture systems in Moldova. AIMS Agriculture and Food 2016, 1, 369 -386.
AMA StyleBoris Boincean, Amir Kassam, Gottlieb Basch, Don Reicosky, Emilio Gonzalez, Tony Reynolds, Marina Ilusca, Marin Cebotari, Grigore Rusnac, Vadim Cuzeac, Lidia Bulat, Dorian Pasat, Stanislav Stadnic, Sergiu Gavrilas, Ion Boaghii. Towards Conservation Agriculture systems in Moldova. AIMS Agriculture and Food. 2016; 1 (4):369-386.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoris Boincean; Amir Kassam; Gottlieb Basch; Don Reicosky; Emilio Gonzalez; Tony Reynolds; Marina Ilusca; Marin Cebotari; Grigore Rusnac; Vadim Cuzeac; Lidia Bulat; Dorian Pasat; Stanislav Stadnic; Sergiu Gavrilas; Ion Boaghii. 2016. "Towards Conservation Agriculture systems in Moldova." AIMS Agriculture and Food 1, no. 4: 369-386.
In dryland farming systems under a Mediterranean climate, soil quality and productivity can be enhanced by increasing the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) through alternative soil management systems. Some fractions of C are directly involved in increasing total SOC and therefore in enhancing any benefits in terms of soil properties. This study compares the viability of no-till farming (NT) with conventional (traditional) tillage (TT) for improving SOC levels. The influence of management practices was investigated for different fractions of C (particulate OC, active OC, humic acids, fulvic acids) and CO2 emissions in clayey soils in the south of Spain. The experiment was conducted over three farming seasons (2006–07, 2007–08 and 2008–09) covering a crop rotation of peas (Pisum sativum L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). The NT system improved the levels of the different fractions of C in the surface soil and reduced the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere compared with the TT system. Generally, the relationship between CO2 and SOC content was greater in soils under NT for the farming seasons sampled.
R. Carbonell-Bojollo; Emilio Jesús González Sánchez; M. Repullo Ruibérriz De Torres; Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández; J. Domínguez-Gimenez; Gottlieb Basch. Soil organic carbon fractions under conventional and no-till management in a long-term study in southern Spain. Soil Research 2015, 53, 113 -124.
AMA StyleR. Carbonell-Bojollo, Emilio Jesús González Sánchez, M. Repullo Ruibérriz De Torres, Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández, J. Domínguez-Gimenez, Gottlieb Basch. Soil organic carbon fractions under conventional and no-till management in a long-term study in southern Spain. Soil Research. 2015; 53 (2):113-124.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Carbonell-Bojollo; Emilio Jesús González Sánchez; M. Repullo Ruibérriz De Torres; Rafaela Ordóñez-Fernández; J. Domínguez-Gimenez; Gottlieb Basch. 2015. "Soil organic carbon fractions under conventional and no-till management in a long-term study in southern Spain." Soil Research 53, no. 2: 113-124.
This chapter provides a description of the past and recent development of conservation agriculture (CA) in Europe. It reviews scientific and technical literature as well as empirical evidence reported by the European Conservation Agriculture Federation (ECAF) and its national member associations. Starting from the early beginnings of CA in Europe, this chapter reviews the development of CA until its current status. This clearly indicates that Europe lags far behind other regions in the world in terms of the adoption and spread of CA. This chapter presents actual data of adoption in several European countries as far as it is reported by national CA associations. It also reviews the most relevant experiences gained throughout Europe, focussing on crop performance, impact on soil quality, and weed, insects and disease incidence, as well as environmental and economic aspects of CA. Challenges and possible reasons for the relatively low uptake of CA in Europe are discussed, including the influence of national and European agricultural policies and regulations on the past evolution of CA uptake in Europe. Finally, this chapter provides an outlook into future prospects for up-scaling of CA in Europe, and what the likely impact of global changes and constraints may mean for the adoption and spread of CA in Europe.
G. Basch; T. Friedrich; A. Kassam; Emilio Jesús González Sánchez. Conservation Agriculture in Europe. Conservation Agriculture 2014, 357 -389.
AMA StyleG. Basch, T. Friedrich, A. Kassam, Emilio Jesús González Sánchez. Conservation Agriculture in Europe. Conservation Agriculture. 2014; ():357-389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. Basch; T. Friedrich; A. Kassam; Emilio Jesús González Sánchez. 2014. "Conservation Agriculture in Europe." Conservation Agriculture , no. : 357-389.
The objective of this article is to review: (a) the principles that underpin conservation agriculture (CA) ecologically and operationally; (b) the potential benefits that can be harnessed through CA systems in the dry Mediterranean climate; (c) current status of adoption and spread of CA in the dry Mediterranean climate countries; and (d) opportunities for CA in the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region. CA, comprising minimum mechanical soil disturbance and no-tillage seeding, organic mulch cover, and crop diversification is now practised on some 125 million ha, corresponding to about 9% of the global arable cropped land. The area under CA is spread across all continents and many agro-ecologies, including the dry Mediterranean climate. Empirical and scientific evidence is presented to show that significant productivity, economic, social and environmental benefits exist that can be harnessed through the adoption of CA in the dry Mediterranean climates, including those in the CWANA region. The benefits include: higher productivity and income; climate change adaptation and reduced vulnerability to the erratic rainfall distribution; and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. CA is now spread across several Mediterranean climate countries outside the Mediterranean basin particularly in South America, South Africa and Australia. In the CWANA region, CA is perceived to be a powerful tool of sustainable land management but it has not yet taken off in a serious manner except in Kazakhstan. Research on CA in the CWANA region has shown that there are opportunities for CA adoption in rainfed and irrigated farming systems involving arable and perennial crops as well as livestock.
Amir Kassam; Theodor Friedrich; Rolf Derpsch; Rabah Lahmar; Rachid Mrabet; Gottlieb Basch; Emilio J. González-Sánchez; Rachid Serraj. Conservation agriculture in the dry Mediterranean climate. Field Crops Research 2012, 132, 7 -17.
AMA StyleAmir Kassam, Theodor Friedrich, Rolf Derpsch, Rabah Lahmar, Rachid Mrabet, Gottlieb Basch, Emilio J. González-Sánchez, Rachid Serraj. Conservation agriculture in the dry Mediterranean climate. Field Crops Research. 2012; 132 ():7-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Kassam; Theodor Friedrich; Rolf Derpsch; Rabah Lahmar; Rachid Mrabet; Gottlieb Basch; Emilio J. González-Sánchez; Rachid Serraj. 2012. "Conservation agriculture in the dry Mediterranean climate." Field Crops Research 132, no. : 7-17.
Recent literature on no-till is reviewed with particular emphasis on research on commercial uptake and environmental concerns in northern, western and south-western Europe. Increased interest in no-till, and minimum or reduced tillage, results from changes in the economic circumstances of crop production, the opportunity to increase the area of more profitable autumn-sown crops and increased concern about environmental damage associated with soil inversion by ploughing. Highly contrasting soil and climate types within and between these regions exert a strong influence on the success of no-till. While no-till may often result in crop yields which equal or exceed those obtained after ploughing, modest reductions in yield may be tolerated if production costs are lower than with ploughing. The relative costs of fuel and herbicides have changed appreciably in recent years making no-till more attractive commercially. While effective weed control is an essential aspect of no-till, current herbicide technology may not yet fully achieve this. In northern regions no-till usually allows earlier drilling of winter-sown crops but will give lower soil temperature and higher moisture content in spring, causing delayed drilling of spring-sown crops. No-till soils have greater bulk density and bearing capacity than ploughed soils with a pronounced vertical orientation of macroporosity allowing penetration of roots and water, especially in view of the increased population of deep-burrowing earthworms. Particular care must be taken with no-till to minimise soil damage at harvest and to ensure the even distribution of crop residues prior to drilling. Reduced erosion and runoff after adoption of no-till are widely observed and are of particular importance in southwestern Europe. No-till reduces losses of phosphorus in runoff and, in some cases, reduces the loss of nitrate through leaching. Emissions of greenhouse gases CO2 and N2O from no-till soils are highly variable and depend on complex interactions of soil properties. Emission of CO2 from fuel during machinery usage is always appreciably reduced with no-till. Increased soil organic carbon in surface layers of no-till soils is widely found but may not be associated with increased carbon sequestration throughout the profile. The evaluation of the relative carbon balance for no-till and ploughing depends upon complex inter-relationships between soil and climate factors which are as yet poorly understood. Adoption of no-till could be encouraged by government financial assistance in recognition of environmental benefits, although future restrictions on the use of herbicides may be a deterrent. Opportunities for further research on no-till are outlined.
B.D. Soane; B.C. Ball; J. Arvidsson; G. Basch; F. Moreno; J. Roger-Estrade. No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil and Tillage Research 2012, 118, 66 -87.
AMA StyleB.D. Soane, B.C. Ball, J. Arvidsson, G. Basch, F. Moreno, J. Roger-Estrade. No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment. Soil and Tillage Research. 2012; 118 ():66-87.
Chicago/Turabian StyleB.D. Soane; B.C. Ball; J. Arvidsson; G. Basch; F. Moreno; J. Roger-Estrade. 2012. "No-till in northern, western and south-western Europe: A review of problems and opportunities for crop production and the environment." Soil and Tillage Research 118, no. : 66-87.
Cover crops (CC) in vineyards and olive groves provide an alternative to conventional tillage (CT) for land management. Runoff, sediment and nutrient loss from six sites in France, Spain and Portugal were compared over 3–4 yr. In general, runoff loss was not significantly reduced by the CC alternatives: average annual runoff coefficients ranged from 4.9 to 22.8% in CT compared with 1.9–25% in the CC alternatives. However, at two sites, reductions in average annual runoff coefficients were greater for CC: 17.2 and 10.4% in CT, 6.1 and 1.9% in CC. Nutrient loss in runoff followed a similar pattern to runoff, as did pesticide loss on the one site; reductions occurred when runoff losses were significantly reduced by CC. The lack of differences at the other sites is thought to be due to a combination of soil conditions at the surface (compaction and capping) and sub‐surface (low‐permeability horizons close to the surface). In contrast, CC always resulted in reductions in soil erosion loss, plus similar reductions in nutrients and organic matter (OM) associated with sediment. Soil erosion loss ranged from 1.4 to 90 t/ha/yr in CT compared with 0.04–42.7 t/ha/yr in CC. Overall, reductions in runoff and associated nutrient and pesticide loss from vineyards and olives occurred with the introduction of CCs only when soil permeability was sufficiently high to reduce runoff. In contrast, reduction in soil erosion and associated nutrients and OM occurred even when the amount of runoff was not reduced. In the most extreme encountered situations (highly erodible soils in vulnerable landscape positions and subject to highly erosive rainfall), additional conservation measures are needed to prevent unsustainable soil loss.
J. A. Gómez; C. Llewellyn; Gottlieb Basch; P. B. Sutton; J. S. Dyson; C. A. Jones. The effects of cover crops and conventional tillage on soil and runoff loss in vineyards and olive groves in several Mediterranean countries. Soil Use and Management 2011, 27, 502 -514.
AMA StyleJ. A. Gómez, C. Llewellyn, Gottlieb Basch, P. B. Sutton, J. S. Dyson, C. A. Jones. The effects of cover crops and conventional tillage on soil and runoff loss in vineyards and olive groves in several Mediterranean countries. Soil Use and Management. 2011; 27 (4):502-514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. A. Gómez; C. Llewellyn; Gottlieb Basch; P. B. Sutton; J. S. Dyson; C. A. Jones. 2011. "The effects of cover crops and conventional tillage on soil and runoff loss in vineyards and olive groves in several Mediterranean countries." Soil Use and Management 27, no. 4: 502-514.
José Barros; Gottlieb Basch; José Calado; Milene Alves De Figueiredo Carvalho. Redução de doses de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas em cultivo de cevada sob condições climáticas temperadas. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2011, 6, 197 -202.
AMA StyleJosé Barros, Gottlieb Basch, José Calado, Milene Alves De Figueiredo Carvalho. Redução de doses de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas em cultivo de cevada sob condições climáticas temperadas. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2011; 6 (2):197-202.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Barros; Gottlieb Basch; José Calado; Milene Alves De Figueiredo Carvalho. 2011. "Redução de doses de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas em cultivo de cevada sob condições climáticas temperadas." Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias - Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 2: 197-202.
In general, effective weed control in no-tillage systems is based on the use of herbicides. However, the development of appropriate weed management strategies can help to reduce the amount of herbicides applied. In this study weed management in common wheat under no-till was analyzed. The experiment was carried out under Mediterranean conditions on a Luvisol, during two growing seasons (1996/1997 and 1999/2000). A split-plot design with four replications was used. The main plot was weed emergence before wheat sowing (with and without weed emergence) and the subplot was the post-emergence weed control (with and without post-emergence herbicide). The density of the weeds was significantly reduced when the wheat crop was sown after a considerable part of the weeds had emerged and controlled by a pre-sowing herbicide (non-selective, systemic and non-persistent). Without weed control in post-emergence treated plots, the number of grains and the yield was increased significantly, compared to sowing without weed emergence. It can be concluded that under Mediterranean conditions, it is possible to reduce or even avoid the application of post-emergence herbicides in wheat under no-till, as weeds can be efficiently controlled before sowing.
José M.G. Calado; Gottlieb Basch; Mário Carvalho. Weed management in no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Protection 2010, 29, 1 -6.
AMA StyleJosé M.G. Calado, Gottlieb Basch, Mário Carvalho. Weed management in no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Protection. 2010; 29 (1):1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M.G. Calado; Gottlieb Basch; Mário Carvalho. 2010. "Weed management in no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Crop Protection 29, no. 1: 1-6.