A novel porous egg-white (EW)/titania composite material was prepared via a facile nonaqueous precipitation method with EW as the porous skeleton. In a typical process, tetrabutyl titanate, a titanium precursor, was dissolved in ethanol to undergo a non-hydrolytic reaction with the aid of anhydrous formic acid under ultrasonication and form a porous structure with EW. The composite material was characterized by BET, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, TEM, FE-SEM and photocatalytic degradation test. The results show that formic acid changes the characteristic structure of tetrabutyl titanate, increases the polarity of its C–O and Ti–O bonds, and promotes the non-hydrolytic de-etherization poly-condensation reaction. After ultrasonic treatment, the reaction product was rearranged to form anatase titania on EW to form a porous structure. The porous composite material had a mean pore size of 15.8 nm, BET surface area of 325.5 m² g⁻¹ and exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of methyl orange using the EW/titania composite material reached 99.9% in 50 minutes, exhibiting an attractive prospect in wastewater treatment.

Mullite whiskers were novelty prepared via pressure field assisted polycondensation nonaqueous precipitation method. The precipitate phase transition in heating process, phase compositions and microstructure of samples calcined at different temperatures, effect of pressure field on precursors polycondensation and AlF₃ amount on sample morphology, the structure and the growth mechanism of whiskers were investigated. The results indicate that pressure field caused by kettle treatment promotes the polycondensation reaction between AlF₃ and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), the excess aluminum fluoride coordinates with the precipitate skeleton of the =Al–O–Si≡, which brings about the low mullitization temperature (900 °C). The sample prepared with the optimal amount of aluminum fluoride (1.3 of the theoretical amount) calcined at 1100 °C presents high yield and aspect ratio (>15, 100 nm in diameter) of mullite whiskers. Growth of whiskers prepared via pressure field assisted polycondensation nonaqueous precipitation method is attributed to a vapor-solid (VS) mechanism with the inducement of screw. These mullite whiskers with the structure of multi-needle whiskers connected in the same center can be distributed evenly in epoxy resin, which greatly improves the mechanical properties of epoxy resin.

Two different methods were used to prepare Fe₂TiO₅/C photocatalysts, demonstrating the superiorities of in situ carbon introduced by a NHSG method.

In light of the depletion of conventional energy sources, it is imperative to conduct research and development on sustainable alternative energy sources. Currently, electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries rely heavily on precious metal catalysts like Pt/C and IrO₂, which hinders their sustainable commercial development. Therefore, researchers have devoted significant attention to non-precious metal-based catalysts that exhibit high efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Among them, perovskite oxides possess low-cost and abundant reserves, as well as flexible oxidation valence states and a multi-defect surface. Due to their advantageous structural characteristics and easily adjustable physicochemical properties, extensive research has been conducted on perovskite-based oxides. However, these materials also exhibit drawbacks such as poor intrinsic activity, limited specific surface area, and relatively low apparent catalytic activity compared to precious metal catalysts. To address these limitations, current research is focused on enhancing the physicochemical properties of perovskite-based oxides. The catalytic activity and stability of perovskite-based oxides in Oxygen Reduction Reaction/Oxygen Evolution Reaction (ORR/OER) can be enhanced using crystallographic structure tuning, cationic regulation, anionic regulation, and nano-processing. Furthermore, extensive research has been conducted on the composite processing of perovskite oxides with other materials, which has demonstrated enhanced catalytic performance. Based on these different ORR/OER modification strategies, the future challenges of perovskite-based bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are discussed alongside their development prospects.